TEST BANK FOR PORTH’S PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 10TH EDITION BY NORRIS CHAPTER 47 : Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

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1. Which of the following individuals demonstrates a health problem with his or her axial skeleton? A) A 21-year-old male who fractured his humerus while snowboarding. B) A 40-year-old man who has a... contusion to the left temporal bone of his skull following a motor vehicle accident. C) A 79-year-old female who has undergone hemiarthroplasty (hip replacement surgery). D) A 30-year-old pregnant woman who has a separated pubic symphysis. Ans: B Feedback: The skull is considered to be a part of the axial skeleton, while the arm, hips, and pelvis are components of the appendicular skeleton. 2. Which of the following characteristics most accurately applies to compact (cortical) bone? A) It is found along lines of stress in the body. B) The bone is arranged in an interwoven, lattice-like pattern. C) It is relatively light but still strong. D) The surface of the bone is lined with osteogenic cells. Ans: A Feedback: Due to its rigidity and strength, compact bone is placed along lines of high stress in the body. Spongy bone exists in a lattice-like pattern that is lined with osteogenic cells and is relatively light compared with compact bone. 3. While reviewing the bones in anatomy class, the instructor discusses this type of bone that protects the underlying structures. A good example of a flat bone is: A) metatarsal bones. B) vertebrae. C) femur. D) skull. Ans: D Feedback: Flat bones are composed of a layer of cancellous bone between two layers of compact bone. They are found in areas such as the skull and rib cage, where extensive protection of underlying structures is needed, or as in the scapula, where a broad surface for muscle attachment must be provided. Vertebrae are irregular bones, while the metatarsal bones and the femur are long bones. 4. While explaining to the parents of a 5-year-old why the child's fractured femur has so much swelling and bruising, the nurse will include which of the following statements? A) “Your child fell out of the tree with so much force that the body is trying to send extra fluid to the area of the break.” B) “All bone fractures have lots of bruising so it's nothing to worry about.” C) “This bone is hollowed out, and the inside of the shaft produces marrow where red blood cells are formed.” D) “There are a lot of cartilage attaching to the shaft of the femur, so when you break that bone, it ruptures the cartilage and causes more swelling.” Ans: C Feedback: Long bones usually are narrow in the mid-portion and broad at the ends so that the weight they bear can be distributed over a wider surface. The shaft of a long bone is formed mainly of compact bone roughly hollowed out to form a marrow-filled medullary canal. The edema and bruising following femur fracture are due primarily to disruption of the shaft of the bone. Cartilage attaches at the end of long bones, not the shaft. 5. During pathophysiology class, a nursing student asks the faculty what purpose do the osteoprogenitor cells serve. From the following list, identify the purpose of these cells. Select all that apply. A) Formation of red blood cells B) Growth and remodeling of bone C) Anchorage point for blood vessels D) Repair of bone E) Supply nerves to the bone matrix Ans: B, D Feedback: The endosteum is the membrane that lines the spaces of spongy bone, the marrow cavities, and the haversian canals of compact bone. It is composed mainly of osteoprogenitor cells that contribute to the growth and remodeling of bone and are necessary for bone repair. The osteons consist of concentric lamellae of the bone matrix, surrounding a central canal, called the Haversian canal that contains blood vessels and supply nerves to the bone matrix. The periosteum acts as an anchorage point for blood vessels to enter and leave the bone. RBC formation occurs in the shaft of long bones. [Show More]

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