TEST BANK FOR PORTH’S PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 10TH EDITION BY NORRIS CHAPTER 41: Disorders of Endocrine Control

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1. Which of the following individuals is experiencing the effects of a primary endocrine disorder? A client: A) With adrenal cortical insufficiency due to pituitary hyposecretion of ACTH B) Who has ... hypothyroidism as a result of low TSH production C) Whose dysfunctional hypothalamus has resulted in endocrine imbalances D) Who has low calcium levels because of the loss of his parathyroid gland Ans: D Feedback: The loss of a gland, and the subsequent absence of the hormone that it normally produces, results in a primary endocrine disorder. The lack of a stimulating hormone such as ACTH or TSH results in a secondary disorder, whereas hypothalamic dysfunction causes tertiary endocrine disorders. 2. A woman who is exhibiting clinical manifestations of a pituitary adenoma will likely complain of: Select all that apply. A) Cessation of menses B) Unusual milk secretion unrelated to pregnancy C) Enlargement of the abdomen D) Pelvic pain E) Infertility Ans: A, B, E Feedback: The signs and symptoms of pituitary adenomas include endocrine abnormalities related specifically to functional hormone-secreting adenomas and to the local mass effects from the expanding tumor. Lactotrophic adenomas are the most frequent type of hyperfunctioning pituitary adenoma. Hyperprolactinemia inhibits the pulsatile secretion of LH, which is essential for normal ovulation in women. Thus, manifestations of hyperprolactinemia are easily recognized to include amenorrhea (lack of menses), galactorrhea (spontaneous milk secretion unrelated to pregnancy), and infertility. 3. Loss of pituitary function can result in deficiencies/loss of which of the following hormones' secretions? Select all that apply. A) Growth hormone B) Luteinizing hormone C) Follicle stimulating hormone D) Corticotropin-releasing hormone E) Prolactin Ans: A, B, C, E Feedback: Anterior pituitary hormone loss is usually gradual, especially with progressive loss of pituitary reserve due to tumors or previous pituitary radiation therapy (which may take 10 to 20 years to produce hypopituitarism). The loss of pituitary function tends to follow a classic course beginning with the loss of GH, LH, and FSH secretion followed by deficiencies in TSH, then ACTH, and finally prolactin. 4. Which of the following physiologic processes is a direct effect of the release of growth hormone by the anterior pituitary? A) Development of cartilage and bone B) Production of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) by the liver C) Increase in overall metabolic rate and cardiovascular function D) Positive feedback of the hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid feedback system Ans: B Feedback: GH cannot directly produce bone growth; instead, it acts indirectly by causing the liver to produce IGFs. It affects neither metabolic rate nor the function of the hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid feedback system. [Show More]

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