TEST BANK FOR PORTH’S PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 10TH EDITION BY NORRIS CHAPTER 2: Cell and Tissue Characteristics

Document Content and Description Below

1. During a discussion on cellular components and their function, a student asked the instructor the purpose of messenger RNA (mRNA). Of the following, which is the most accurate answer? A) Transport... s amino acids to the site of protein synthesis B) Acts as an inner nuclear support membrane for a rigid network of protein filaments that bind DNA to the nucleus C) Performs an active role of protein synthesis, where mRNA molecules direct the assembly of proteins on ribosomes to the cytoplasm D) Assists cells in forming neoplastic progression by altering the response of chromatin in the nuclear matrix Ans: C Feedback: The nucleus is the site for the synthesis of three types of RNA that move to the cytoplasm and carry out the actual synthesis of proteins. Messenger RNA copies and carries the DNA instructions for protein synthesis to the cytoplasm. Ribosomal RNA is the site of actual protein synthesis; transfer RNA transports amino acids to the site of protein synthesis. 2. The nurse is providing care for a client with a diagnosis of cirrhosis, and she notes that the client's sclerae are jaundiced. The nurse recalls that jaundice is a pigment that can accumulate in which part of the cell? A) Nucleus B) Cytoplasm C) Golgi apparatus D) Rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ans: B Feedback: Pigments such as bilirubin and melanin can accumulate in the cytoplasm, resulting in the characteristic yellow skin tones associated with jaundice. Pigments do not tend to accumulate in the nucleus, Golgi apparatus, or rough ER. 3. A 14-year-old female has been experiencing severe internal cramps in the region of the pelvis and weight loss.She has been admitted with rectal bleeding.The physician has diagnosed her with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). She asks the nurse what causes this disease. The nurse will base her response knowing that IBD has been linked to A) liver involvement in faulty glycogen stores. B) endoplasmic reticulum stress in the gastrointestinal system. C) oversecretion of insulin from the beta cells in the pancreas. D) infiltration of the gastrointestinal tract by bacterial toxins. Ans: B Feedback: Researchers are determining links between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and various disease processes. For examples, ER stress in the GI system has been found to be related to intestinal inflammations such as those occur with inflammatory bowel disease. The smooth ER of the liver is involved in glycogen stores. Insulin is synthesized as a large, inactive proinsulin molecule cut apart to produce a smaller, active insulin molecule within the Golgi complex of the beta cells. Bacterial toxins have exploited the retrograde transport mechanism. 4. A professor is teaching a group of students about the role of mitochondria within the cell. Which of the following statements is true of mitochondria? A) They are the site of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production. B) The number of mitochondria in a cell is equal to the number of nuclei. C) They are replicated within the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER). D) Mitochondrial DNA is inherited patrilineally. Ans: A Feedback: Consistent with their characterization as the “power plants” of the cell, mitochondria are the site of ATP synthesis for the cell. The number of mitochondria in a given cell type varies, according to the energy demands of the particular cell. They are self-replicating rather than being produced in the smooth ER, and they are inherited matrilineally. [Show More]

Last updated: 1 year ago

Preview 1 out of 7 pages