TEST BANK FOR PORTH’S PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 10TH EDITION BY NORRIS CHAPTER 11: Innate and Adaptive Immunity

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1. Innate immunity, also called natural or native immunity, consists of mechanisms that respond specifically to: A) Self-cells B) Microbes C) Antibodies D) Inflammation Ans: B Feedback: Innat... e immunity is the first line of defense against microbial invasion and is in place before infection. Inflammation and antibody production are responses to microbes after they have invaded the body. The innate immune system is able to identify non–self from self-cells. 2. A client who was exposed to hepatitis A at a local restaurant has recovered from the disease. At her annual physical, the client asks the health care provider if she should go to her health department and get the hepatitis A “shot.” The best response, based on the concepts of adaptive immunity, by the health care provider would be: A) “Yes, because you could get a worse case the next time you are exposed.” B) “Of course. The virus changes every year.” C) “I wouldn't since the vaccine can damage your liver.” D) “No, since having an active case, you have already developed antigens against hepatitis A.” Ans: D Feedback: The adaptive immune system consists of two groups of lymphocytes and their products, including antibodies. Whereas the cells of the innate immune system recognize structures shared by classes of microorganisms, the cells of the adaptive immune system are capable of recognizing numerous microbial and noninfectious substances and developing a unique specific immune response for each substance. Substances that elicit adaptive immune responses are called antigens. A memory of the substance is also developed so that a repeat exposure to the same microbe or agent produces a quicker and more vigorous response. The hepatitis A virus does not change from year to year. The vaccine does not damage the liver; however, the active hepatitis A disease can. 3. A student asks, “What does cell-mediated immunity mean to the client?” The instructor responds. “This means: A) The body is trying to defend itself against intracellular microbe invasion by engulfing and destroying the microbe.” B) The person's immune system is trying to eliminating all responses to certain antigens.” C) The person's immune system is trying to rapidly mature more killer cells to protect against any microbial invasion.” D) Our body is trying to systematically control the immune response.” Ans: A Feedback: Cell-mediated immunity, which defends against intracellular microbes such as viruses, is provided by cells called T lymphocytes. Some T lymphocytes activate phagocytes to destroy microbes that have been engulfed, whereas others kill any type of host cell that is harboring microbes. 4. A teenager presents to the clinic with an infected wound from a bike accident. He asks, “How does my body fight off the germs in my scraped arm?” Which is the nurse's best response? “The cells that plays the central role related to the innate immune response to an infectious microorganism are: A) T lymphocytes.” B) Antibodies.” C) B lymphocytes.” D) Neutrophils.” Ans: D Feedback: Neutrophils are phagocytic cells that play a central role in innate immunity. Antibodies and B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes contribute exclusively to the adaptive immune response. [Show More]

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