SPH3UI_Student Exploration: Air Track_2020 | Student Exploration: Air Track _ Gizmos

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Student Exploration: Air Track Vocabulary: air track, approach velocity, conservation of energy, conservation of momentum, elasticity, kinetic energy, momentum, separation velocity, velocity ... Prior Knowledge Questions (Do these BEFORE using the Gizmo.) Imagine going to a bowling alley with a bowling ball and a ping pong ball. 1. Why is a bowling ball better for knocking down pins than a ping pong ball? A bowling ball is better for knocking down pins because it has more mass and inertia and in turn more energy than a ping pong ball. 2. Which do you think would knock down more pins, a bowling ball moving 10 meters per second or a bowling ball moving 10 centimeters per second? A bowling ball moving 10m/s 3. What two factors seem to most affect the amount of damage that occurs in a collision? Mass and velocity seem to affect the amount of damage that occurs in a collision. Gizmo Warm-up An air track is a device that helps scientists study motion. Air comes out of holes in the track, allowing the gliders to move with minimal friction. 1. On the Air Track Gizmo, click Play ( ) to view a collision between the two gliders. What do you see? 2 gliders moving towards each other and colliding, then moving backwards until it left the screen after colliding. 2. Click Reset ( ). The velocity (v) of an object describes its speed and direction. The velocity of each glider is indicated next to the v1 and v2 sliders. Click Play, and then click Pause ( ) just before the collision. A. What is the velocity of Glider 1? 5.0m/s B. In which direction does Glider 1 move? To the right. C. What is the velocity of Glider 2? -5.0m/s D. In which direction does Glider 2 move? To the left.   Activity A: Momentum Get the Gizmo ready: • Click Reset. Question: How does an object’s momentum change when it collides with another object? 1. Explore: The Gizmo allows you to adjust the mass and initial velocity of each glider. Set up each of the following scenarios, and describe what happens when the gliders collide. A. The gliders have the same mass but different velocities. When the gliders have the same mass, the velocities get swapped with each other after colliding. B. The gliders have the same mass and one glider is stationary. When the gliders have the same mass, and one is stationary, the velocities get swapped with each other after colliding, so after the glider with velocity greater than 1 or less than 1 hits the object at rest, the glider with velocity would be at rest while the glider at rest would get the same velocity as the glider that hit it. C. The gliders have the same velocity (but in opposite directions) and different masses. When the gliders have the same velocity but different mass, the object with higher mass will move slower after collision while the object with lower mass will speed up after collision. 2. Calculate: An object’s momentum (p) describes how hard it is to stop. Momentum is equal to the product of mass and velocity: p = mv. If mass is measured in kilograms and velocity in meters per second, the unit of momentum is kilograms-meters per second, or kg•m/s. A. What is the momentum if the mass is 1.5 kg and the velocity is 4 m/s? 6 kg m/s Turn on Show numerical data and use the Gizmo to check your answer. B. How could you use the Gizmo to increase a glider’s momentum? Increase both the mass and velocity sliders. 3. Gather data: Click Reset. Set m1 to 3.0 kg and v1 to 2.0 m/s. Set m2 to 2.0 kg and v2 to -4.0 m/s. Fill in the left table, run the collision, and then fill in the right table. Before collision Glider Glider 1 Glider 2 Mass 3.0 kg 2.0 kg Velocity 2.0 m/s -4.0 m/s Momentum 6kg m/s -8kg m/s After collision Glider Glider 1 Glider 2 Mass 3.0kg 2.0kg Velocity -2.80m/s 6.40m/s Momentum -8.40 kg m/s 6.40 kg m/s (Activity A continued on next page) - - - - - - - Continued [Show More]

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