NUR 239 Exam 2 - Questions with Verified Answers

Document Content and Description Below

NUR 239 Exam 2 - Questions with Verified Answers A hospital client was swabbed on admission for antibiotic-resistant organisms and has just been informed that methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus au... reus (MRSA) is present in his groin. The client has a normal core temperature and white blood cell count. This client is experiencing Colonization Which most accurately describes the characteristics of saprophytes? The Derive energy from decaying organic matter Which of the following are accurate characteristics of prions? Select all that apply. Disease usually progresses slowly. The primary manifestation includes ataxia and dementia. Prions tend to aggregate into amyloid-like plaques in the brain. Although both eukaryotes and prokaryotes are capable of causing infectious diseases in humans, eukaryotes are unique because they have a/an: Organized nucleus Some viruses have the ability to transform host cells into cancer cells. For which of the following viruses should the client be assessed regularly for the potential development of cancer? Select all that apply. Hepatitis B Human papillomavirus Although growth rate is variable among types of bacteria, the growth of bacteria is dependent on: Availability of nutrients Which of the following outpatients are at a greater risk for developing Treponema pallidum, the cause of syphilis? Select all that apply. A homeless adolescent female performing oral sex for money A male who frequents clubs catering to exotic dancers and sexual favors An older adult female living in a condominium who regularly has sex with three to four different men/week Chlamydiaceae have characteristics of both viruses and bacteria and are a rather common sexually transmitted infectious organism. After entry into the host, they transform into a reticulate body. The health care provider should monitor which of the following clients for this possible infection? Select all that apply. An adult male who raises a number of exotic birds in his home A drug abuser looking to share needles/syringes A newborn with a noticeable eye infection A client has been diagnosed with Coxiella burnetii infection. She asked the health care provider how she could have gotten this disease. The health care provider's best response is: "Drinking contaminated milk." A teenage male develops a severe case of "athlete's foot." He asks, "How did I get this?" The health care worker explains that certain fungi become infectious (called dermatophytes) and exhibit which of the following characteristics? Limited to cooler cutaneous surfaces Which of the following individuals is experiencing a health problem that is the result of a parasite? A man who acquired malaria while on a tropical vacation When skin is broken, germs can enter. Transmission of infectious agents is directly related to the: Number of pathogens absorbed A 33-year-old client who is a long-term intravenous user of heroin has been recently diagnosed with hepatitis C. Which of the following portals of entry most likely led to the client's infection? Penetration A public health nurse notes an increase in regional throat cancer cases. Upon epidemiological studies, many of the throat cancer clients also had oral exposure to human papillomavirus (HPV). This exposure to HPV would be considered by: Direct contact with infected secretions Which of the following would be considered an example of transmitting an infection from person-to-person through shared inanimate objects (fomites)? HIV from a contaminated IV drug user needle Although bacterial toxins vary in their activity and effects on host cells, a small amount of gram-negative bacteria endotoxin: In the cell wall activates inflammation A 9-month-old infant has been diagnosed with botulism after he was fed honey. The child's mother was prompted to seek care because of this child's sudden onset of neuromuscular deficits, which were later attributed to the release of substances by Clostridium botulinum. Which virulence factor contributed to this child's illness? Exotoxins While explaining evasive factors by microbes to evade various components of the host's immune system, the instructor uses which of the following examples? H. Pylori being able to survive in an acidic environment A client with a long-standing diagnosis of Crohn disease has developed a perianal abscess. Which of the following treatments will this client most likely require? Surgical draining In the usual course (stages) after a pathogen has entered the host body, the stage when the host initially develops the appearance of signs/ symptoms like a mild fever and body aches is: Prodromal A premature neonate in the ICU suspected of having an infection has blood drawn for class specific antibodies. Which of the following confirms that the neonate has developed a congenital infection? IgM antibodies are elevated. A client's primary care provider has ordered direct antigen detection in the care of a client with a serious symptomatology of unknown origin. Which of the following processes will be conducted? Introduction of monoclonal antibodies to a blood sample from the client A client has begun taking acyclovir, an antiviral medication, to control herpes simplex outbreaks. What is this drug's mechanism of action? Interference with viral replication processes A client with cancer has been receiving amphotericin B intravenously. The client asks, "How will this help with my fungal disease?" The health care provider responds: "This drug binds to ergosterol and forms holes in the cell membrane, killing the fungus." Which of the following is an example of how international travel has contributed to increased prevalence and incidence of nonindigenous diseases? Outbreak of hemolytic-uremic syndrome related to contaminated salad being shipped to various regions A female patient has been treated for strep throat with ampicillin by mouth. She visits the occupational health nurse and states she has vaginal itching. What organism is the cause of the vaginal itching? Candida albicans An elderly patient is treated for pneumonia with clindamycin (Cleocin). One week after the completion of the medication, she develops diarrhea. What is the most probable cause of the diarrhea? Change in normal flora A patient with burns has developed a wound infection. This patient is experiencing what type of wound infection? Opportunistic infection An elderly man who is a resident of a skilled nursing facility develops methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. What type of infection has this man developed? Nosocomial infection A nurse is instructing a patient on the antibiotic regimen for the treatment of pneumonia. Which of the following is most important to teach the patient? Complete the entire prescription of medication. A patient is to be started on an antibiotic. Which of the following is most important to take into consideration before beginning the antibiotic regimen? Culture and sensitivity A patient has presented to the emergency department after suffering a severe laceration to his hand in a workplace accident. During the subsequent process of acute inflammation, what physiological event took place first? The patient's blood vessels constricted. A 12-year-old boy was bitten by a dog, and inflammation took place at the site of the injury. During the process of opsonization, what physiological event occurred? Antigens were coated, marking them for phagocytosis. An adult patient with an autoimmune disorder regularly takes oral corticosteroids. The nurse knows that corticosteroids can be used in the successful treatment of inflammation but that they also create a risk for Infection The family members of a geriatric patient are angered that she has been colonized with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus during her stay in the hospital. The nurse should explain what characteristic of colonization to the members of the family? The bacteria are present but are not causing infection. Mr. Garcia has been taking antibiotics at home for the treatment of a respiratory infection for the past 6 days, and there is no evident improvement in his infection. Which of the following nursing assessments is most appropriate? Assess Mr. Garcia's adherence to his medication regimen. An adult female patient has been living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) for several years but has recently been admitted to the hospital after being diagnosed with herpes simplex. How would this patient's herpes infection most likely be characterized? Opportunistic infection A group of nursing students are learning about the factors that underlie recent increases in the incidence and prevalence of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms. What factor is known to contribute to antibiotic resistance? Overuse of antibiotics A 4-month-old baby has been brought to the emergency department by her parents, and initial assessment is highly suggestive of bacterial meningitis. Consequently, the baby has been admitted, and empiric antibiotic therapy has been ordered. The nurse should understand what characteristic of this infant's current treatment plan? Culture and sensitivity results of the infant's cerebrospinal fluid are still pending. A patient with an infection has not responded appreciably to antibiotic therapy, and the nurse suspects antibiotic resistance. What phenomenon is known to contribute to acquired antibiotic resistance? The strongest microorganisms survive antibiotic treatment while the weakest are eradicated. When participating in the care of a patient who is being treated with antimicrobials, the nurse can promote the appropriate use of these medications in which of the following ways? Encouraging the use of narrow-spectrum, rather than broad-spectrum, antibiotics A critically ill patient has developed a fever of 38.9°C, and blood cultures have been drawn and sent to the laboratory for culture and sensitivity testing. Determination of the culture will tell the care team the exact identity of the infectious microorganism. A medical nurse on a night shift is reviewing a patient's medication administration record for the following day. The nurse notes that a combination antimicrobial drug is ordered. What is implied by the fact that the patient has been ordered a combination drug? The patient may have an infection caused by multiple microorganisms. A hospital nurse is aware that nosocomial infections pose a significant threat to many patients' health status. In order to reduce the spread of nosocomial infections, the nurse should prioritize which of the following actions? Vigilant and thorough hand hygiene An 81-year-old female patient has been admitted to the hospital after a urinary tract infection developed into urosepsis. What assessments should the nurse prioritize when monitoring the course of this patient's infection? Select all that apply. White blood cell count Temperature [Show More]

Last updated: 2 weeks ago

Preview 5 out of 23 pages