Pharmacology HESI Questions and Answers Latest Update Already Passed

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increases force of contraction Correct Answer-What is the positive inotrope for Digoxin do? decreases heart rate Correct Answer-What is the negative chronotrope for Digoxin do? take apical pulse for... one full minute Correct Answer-How do you assess for the positive inotrope and negative chronotrope of digoxin? Normal digoxin level Correct Answer-0.5-2 ng/mL Normal serum potassium (K+) level Correct Answer-3.5-5.0 mEq/L YES Correct Answer-Do low potassium or magnesium levels increase the risk for dig toxicity? S/S of dig toxicity Correct Answer--anorexia -bradycardia -headache -dizziness -confusion -nausea -visual distrubances (blurred, yellow, halo vision) if apical pulse is lower than 60 bpm Correct Answer-When do you want to hold digoxin? dig toxicity Correct Answer-If a client has had a long history of digoxin and furosemide (lasix) use it could creates a high risk for what? Hypokalemia Correct Answer-Furosemide (lasix) can cause _______ which can lead to dig toxicity. Verapamil (Calan) and Diltiazem (Cardizem) Correct Answer--These 2 calcium channel blocker also affect the heart. So you wnat to monitor BP and for a decrease in HR. -SE: constipation -Avoid grapefruit juice -dipine ending drugs (like amlodipine) Correct Answer--these calcium channel blockers affect vessels only (vasodilation) -SE: dizziness, facial flushing, edema, hypotension Furosemide (Lasix) Correct Answer--loop diuretic -rapid acting -used foe rapid diuresis in emergencies (Pulmonary embolism) -may produce hypokalemia (assess for muscle craps or weakness) -Hypotension, F/E abnormalities, dehydration, SE of furosemide (Lasix) Correct Answer--dizziness, -headache -tinnitus -Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea -decreased potassium -hyperglycemia -ototoxicity with aminoglycosides (-mycin drugs) Potassium sparing diuretics Correct Answer--Spironolactone (Aldactone) -amiloride (Midamor) -triamterene (Dyrenium) -can cause increased potassium -blocks receptors for aldosterone -inhibits sodium and water reabsorption -take in the morning (diuretics in morning if possible) -avoid salt substitutes, ACE inhibitors, ARBs -often take with other (thiazide) diuretics to treat edema, hypertension, heart failure -can be taken with other meds that lower potassium Correct Answer-what do you want to teach a patient who is on a potassium sparing diuretic? vasoconstriction Correct Answer-What is the stimulation of alpha 1? you always want to check the apical pulse, hold if less than 60 Correct Answer-What do you want to always check when giving a beta blocker (-lol) respiratory conditions Correct Answer-Since a beta blocker is cardio- selective you want to also assess what prior to administering? Mydriatics Correct Answer-agents used to produce dilation of pupils for eye exams and ocular surgery Tamsulosin (Flomax) Correct Answer--alpha 1 adrenergic blocker -decreases smooth muscle contraction of prostate capsules and bladder neck - used to treat BPH ***Alpha one blockers -zosin - antihypertensives*** Dopamine Correct Answer-What drug is the only drug that can activate dopamine in the body? Extravasation Correct Answer-Catecholamines (epinepherine, norepinepherine, dopamine, doubutamine, ect.) must be watched carefully for what? use a soft tooth brush, use electric razors, do not got without shoes Correct Answer-What do you want to teach those on warfarin (Coumadin) to do to avoid bleeding? teaching for those on warfarin (coumadin) Correct Answer--maintain vitamin K foods (greens, mustard greens,) in diet; do not increase or decrease them -PT/INR moitoring -avoid activities that may cause bleeding Clopidogrel (Plavix) Correct Answer--Antiplatelet -you want to hold 7-10 days before the surgery (may not have to hold aspirin, contact MD) Pentoxifylline (Trental) Correct Answer--for intermittent claudication -treats ischemic pain Heparin Correct Answer--a high alert medication -requires another nurse to check the dosage -a potential SE would be bleeding protamine sulfate Correct Answer-What is the antidote/reversal agent for Heparin? chronic pain Correct Answer-What is morphine sulfate continued release used for? produce CNS depression and respiratory depression Correct Answer-What can opioids do? Common opioids Correct Answer--morphine -hydrocodone -oxycodone -hydromorphone [dilaudid] -codine Naloxone (Narcan) Correct Answer-What do you want to give as the antidote for opioids (like to reverse respiratory depression and analgesia)? -may need to be titrated SE of opioids Correct Answer--constipation [Show More]

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