NURSING 632 Walden University Exam 1 Questions And Answers (Complete Guide)

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NURSING 632 Walden University Exam 1 A professor has taught the students about the pathogenesis of abdominal pain. Which statement by a student indicates the professor needs to review the material... ? Selected Answer: Low concentrations of anaerobes, such as Streptococci, Lactobacilli, Staphylococci, Enterobacteria, and Bacteroides, produce abdominal pain. Which cardiac chambers have the thinnest wall and why? Selected Answer: The right and left atria; they are low-pressure chambers that serve as storage units and conduits for blood. A healthcare provider notes that tapping the patient's facial nerve leads to lip twitching. What electrolyte value is correlated with this finding? Selected Answer: Ca ++: 8.2 mg/dL What is the cause of functional dysphagia? Selected Answer: Neural or muscular disorders Which gastric hormone inhibits acid and pepsinogen secretion, as well as decreases the release of gastrin? Selected Answer: Somatosta tin What is one function of the tumor cell marker? Selected Answer: To screen individuals at high risk for cancer Why is leakage of lysosomal enzymes during chemical injuries significant? Selected Answer: Enzymatic digestion of the nucleus and nucleolus occurs, halting DNA synthesis. The student wants information about a patient's renal function. What test does the healthcare professional tell the student to evaluate? Selected Answer: Glomerular filtration rate A student is preparing to irrigate a patient's wound and gathers supplies, including hydrogen peroxide. What response by the health care professional is best? Selected Answer: Tell the student to get some normal saline instead. A patient suffered multiple traumatic injuries and received many blood transfusions within a few days of the injuries. For which medical condition should the healthcare professional monitor the patient for? Selected Answer: Hemosidero sis The data reporting that sickle cell disease affects approximately 1 in 600 American blacks is an example of which concept? Selected Answer: Prevalen ce A patient has a history of excessive use of magnesium-containing antacids and aluminum-containing antacids. What lab value does the healthcare professional correlate to this behavior? Selected Answer: Phosphate 1.9 mg/dL A student asks why some vaccinations are given orally and some are given by injection. What response by the professor is best? Selected Answer: Each route stimulates a different lymphocyte-containing tissue, resulting in different types of cellular and humoral immunity. A person wants to know if eating only plant-based foods is advisable as a way to cut cholesterol to near-zero levels. What response by the health care professional is best? Selected Answer: No, many hormones are made from cholesterol. What is the initiating event that leads to the development of atherosclerosis? Selected Answer: Injury to the endothelial cells that line the artery walls The cardiac electrical impulse normally begins spontaneously in the sinoatrial (SA) node because of what reason? Selected Answer: It depolarizes more rapidly than other automatic cells of the heart. An amniocentesis indicates a neural tube defect when an increase in which protein is evident? Selected Answer: Alpha fetoprotein When comparing the clinical manifestations of both diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome (HHNKS), which condition is associated with only DKA? Selected Answer: Kussmaul respirations A student learns what information about acute pancreatitis? Selected Answer: Pancreatic enzymes autodigest pancreatic cells and tissues. If a patient develops acidosis, the nurse would expect the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to react in which manner? Selected Answer: Shift to the right, causing more oxygen (O 2) to be released to the cells A student asks the professor to differentiate Type 2 diabetes mellitus from Type 1. The professors' response would be that Type 2 is best described as what? Selected Answer: Resistance to insulin by insulin-sensitive tissues The healthcare professional explains to a student that the amount of volume of blood in the heart is directly related to the of contraction. Selected Answer: Pressur e What is apoptosis? Selected Answer: Normal mechanism for cells to self-destruct when growth is excessive In regulating vascular mediators released from mast cells, the role of eosinophils is to release what? Selected Answer: Histaminase, which limits the effects of histamine during acute inflammation A professor has taught a student about skeletal alterations seen in chronic kidney disease. Which statement by the student indicates the professor needs to give more information? Selected Answer: The parathyroid gland is no longer able to secrete sufficient parathyroid hormone. The action of platelet-derived growth factor is to stimulate the production of which cells? Selected Answer: Connective tissue cells A patient is in severe shock and is receiving vasopressin. A student asks the health care professional to explain the rationale for this treatment. What response by the professional is most accurate? Selected Answer: Antidiuretic hormone causes vasoconstriction to help increase blood pressure. What effect is a result of inhibiting the parasympathetic nervous system with a drug such as atropine? Selected Answer: Salivation decreases. People diagnosed with neurofibromatosis have varying degrees of the condition because of which genetic principle? Selected Answer: Expressivi ty Which term is used to identify the movement of gas and air into and out of the lungs? Selected Answer: Ventilatio n A healthcare professional wants to determine the adequacy of a person's alveolar ventilation. What assessment finding is most important for the professional to consider? Selected Answer: Arterial blood gas shows a PaCO 2 of 44 mmHg. Renal failure is the most common cause of which type of hyperparathyroidism? Selected Answer: Seconda ry What is the cause of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH)? Selected Answer: Reduction in the number of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors on cell surfaces What is the single most common cause of cellular injury? Selected Answer: Hypoxic injury A student asks the professor how a faulty negative-feedback mechanism results in a hormonal imbalance. What response by the professor is best? Selected Answer: Excessive hormone production results from a failure to turn off the system. Oxygenated blood flows through which vessel? Selected Answer: Pulmonary veins A patient in the hospital has hypernatremia. What condition should the healthcare professional assess for? Selected Answer: Hypersecretion of aldosterone A healthcare professional is caring for four patients. Which patient should the professional assess for hyperkalemia? Selected Answer: Renal failure The acute inflammatory response is characterized by fever that is produced by the hypothalamus being affected by what? Selected Answer: Endogenous pyrogens A student asks the healthcare professional to explain the pathophysiologic process of alcoholic cirrhosis. What statement by the professional would not be consistent with complete knowledge about this process? Selected Answer: Inflammation and damage leading to cirrhosis begin in the bile canaliculi. A healthcare professional tells a student that a patient has lost atrial kick. What would the student expect to see when examining this patient? Selected Answer: Signs of decreased cardiac output During cell injury caused by hypoxia, why does an increase in the osmotic pressure within the cell occur? Selected Answer: Sodium chloride enters the cell. The Bainbridge reflex is thought to be initiated by sensory neurons in which cardiac location? Selected Answer: Atri a Which primary characteristic is unique for the immune response? Selected Answer: The immune response is specific to the antigen that initiates it. A patient has been admitted for a possible small intestinal obstruction. What is the first sign the healthcare professional assesses for that would indicate the presence of this condition? Selected Answer: Vomitin g Which type of immunity is produced by an individual after either natural exposure to the antigen or after immunization against the antigen? Selected Answer: Active-acquired immunity What is the major determinant of the resistance that blood encounters as it flows through the systemic circulation? Selected Answer: Muscle layer of the arterioles Free radicals play a major role in the initiation and progression of which diseases? Selected Answer: Cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and ischemic heart disease A patient asks the healthcare professional why tissue damage occurs in acute rejection after organ transplantation. What response by the professional is best? Selected Answer: Th1 cells release cytokines that activate infiltrating macrophages, and cytotoxic T cells directly attack the endothelial cells of the transplanted tissue. Under anaerobic conditions, what process provides energy for the cell? Selected Answer: Glycolys is A patient reports dumping syndrome after a partial gastrectomy. What does the healthcare professional teach this patient? Selected Answer: Eat small, frequent high-protein meals. Which statement made by a student indicates the healthcare professional needs to describe the pericardium again? Selected The pericardium protects the heart against infection and Answer: inflammation from the lungs and pleural space. The student asks the professor to explain what characteristic is demonstrated by lungs with decreased compliance? Selected Answer: Stiffne ss A student studying biology asks the professor to describe how the ras gene is involved in cancer proliferation. What explanation by the professor is best? Selected Answer: A mutation in this gene allows continuous cell growth. How do free radicals cause cell damage? Selected Answer: Giving up an electron, which causes injury to the chemical bonds of the cell membrane A patient had a myocardial infarction that damaged the SA node, which is no longer functioning as the pacemaker of the heart. What heart rate would the healthcare provider expect the patient to have? Selected Answer: 40 to 60 beats/min A patient is having a spirometry measurement done and asks the healthcare professional to explain this test. What response by the professional is best? Selected Answer: To measure the volume and flow rate during forced expiration How does progressive nephron injury affect angiotensin II activity? Selected Answer: Angiotensin II activity is elevated. What are blood pressure variations associated with? Selected Answer: The renin-angiotensin system's effect on vasoconstriction During acidosis, the body compensates for the increase in serum hydrogen ions by shifting hydrogen ions into the cell in exchange for which electrolyte? Selected Answer: Potassiu m A person has hypothyroidism. What chemical does the healthcare professional advise the person to include in the diet? Selected Answer: Iro n What is the blood type of a person who is heterozygous, having A and B alleles as codominant? Selected A Answer: B A class of students has learned about contributing factors to duodenal ulcers. What statement indicates to the professor that the students need a review? Selected Answer: Duodenal ulcers occur with greater frequency than other types of peptic ulcers. A healthcare professional is conducting community education on vaccinations. Which statement about vaccines does the professional include in the presentation? Selected Answer: Most viral vaccines are made by using dead organisms. Which hormone is required for water to be reabsorbed in the distal tubule and collecting duct? Selected Answer: Antidiuretic hormone During the cardiac cycle, why do the aortic and pulmonic valves close after the ventricles relax? Selected Answer: Reduced pressure in the ventricles creates a negative pressure, which pulls the valves closed. A healthcare professional is caring for a patient undergoing chemotherapy. What is the skin-related health risk the professional should assess the patient for and be prepared to treat? Selected Answer: Infectio n A patient has portal hypertension-induced splenomegaly. Which lab value would the healthcare professional associate with this condition? Selected Answer: Low platelet count A healthcare professional is caring for four patients. Which patient does the professional assess for pulmonary emboli (PE) as the priority? Selected Answer: Deep venous thrombosis A healthcare professional is working with a person who drinks several 6-packs of beer a week. What testing does the professional encourage the person to get? Selected Answer: Hepatic function What physical sign does the healthcare professional relate to the result of turbulent blood flow through a vessel? Selected Answer: Murmur heard on auscultation What is the only surface inside the nephron where cells are covered with microvilli to increase the reabsorptive surface area called? Selected Answer: Proximal convoluted tubules A patient has been diagnosed with a renal stone. Based on knowledge of common stone types, what self-care measure does the healthcare professional plan to teach the patient when stone analysis has returned? Selected Answer: Increase water intake. A patient asks the healthcare professional to describe the cause of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). What response by the professional is best? Selected Answer: Excessive production of hydrochloric acid A student asks the healthcare professional to explain the function of the papillary muscles. What response by the professional is best? Selected Answer: These muscles prevent backward expulsion of the atrioventricular valves. A patient has diabetes mellitus. A recent urinalysis showed increased amounts of protein. What therapy does the healthcare provider educate the patient that is specific to this disorder? Selected Answer: More frequent blood glucose monitoring It has been determined that a patient's tumor is in stage 2. How does the healthcare professional describe this finding to the patient? Selected Answer: Cancer has spread to regional structures. A healthcare professional is assessing a child who has complete trisomy of the twenty- first chromosome. What findings does the professional relate to this condition? Selected Answer: An IQ of 25 to 70, low nasal bridge, protruding tongue, and flat, low-set ears What is the second most commonly recognized genetic cause of intellectual disability? Selected Answer: Fragile X syndrome Pressure in the left ventricle must exceed pressure in which structure before the left ventricle can eject blood? Selected Answer: Aort a A pregnant woman has Graves disease. What test/s does the healthcare professional advise the woman about? Selected Answer: Blood test for hyperthyroidism Which chamber of the heart endures the highest pressures? Selected Answer: Left ventricle Once they have penetrated the first line of defense, which microorganisms do natural killer (NK) cells actively attack? Selected Answer: Viruse s In teaching a women's community group, which risk factor does the healthcare professional teach is related to high morbidity of cancer of the colon, uterus, and kidney? Selected Answer: Women older than 45 years of age A healthcare professional is caring for four patients. Which patient does the professional assess for neurogenic diabetes insipidus (DI)? Selected Answer: Posterior pituitary trauma Which patient would the healthcare professional assess for other signs of thyrotoxic crisis? Selected Answer: Hyperthermia and tachycardia Within a physiologic range, what does an increase in left ventricular end-diastolic volume (preload) result in? Selected Answer: Decrease in repolarization What is the inflammatory effect of nitric oxide (NO)? Selected Answer: Decreases mast cell function, and decreases platelet aggregation What is the role of reverse transcriptase in HIV infection? Selected Answer: It converts RNA into double- stranded DNA. A student asks why carbon monoxide causes tissue damage. What response by the professor is best? Selected Answer: Binds to hemoglobin so that it cannot carry oxygen A healthcare professional cares for older adults in a skilled nursing facility. What should the professional assess for in these individuals related to cardiovascular functioning? Selected Answer: Increased rate of falling and dizzy spells What are tumor cell markers? Selected Answer: Hormones, enzymes, antigens, and antibodies that are produced by cancer cells A female patient has been diagnosed with an uncomplicated urinary tract infection. What self-care measure does the healthcare provider teach the patient that is specific to this type of infection? Selected Answer: After using the bathroom, wipe from front to back. What pathologic change occurs to the kidney's glomeruli as a result of hypertension? Selected Answer: Ischemia of the tubule Surfactant produced by type II alveolar cells facilitates alveolar distention and ventilation by which mechanism? Selected Answer: Increasing surface tension in the alveoli What is the process that ensures mitral and tricuspid valve closure after the ventricles are filled with blood? Selected Answer: Increased pressure in the ventricles pushes the valves to close. A healthcare professional is educating a patient about asthma. The professional states that good control is necessary due to which pathophysiologic process? Selected Answer: Norepinephrine causes bronchial smooth muscle contraction and mucus secretion but it also causes high blood pressure. A patient had a thyroidectomy and now reports tingling around the mouth and has a positive Chvostek sign. What laboratory finding would be most helpful to the healthcare professional? Selected Answer: TSH and T 4 A patient's urinalysis came back positive for glucose. What does the healthcare professional expect the patient's blood glucose to be at a minimum? Selected Answer: 180 mg/dL The student asks the professor why water and electrolytes are transported in both directions through tight junctions and intercellular spaces rather than across cell membranes. What response by the professor is best? Selected Answer: The epithelial cell membranes are formed of lipids that are hydrophobic and therefore repel water. When completing this exam, did you comply with Walden University's Code of Conduct including the expectations for academic integrity? Selected Ye Answer: s Thursday, July 9, 2020 6:22:58 PM EDT [Show More]

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