Exam (elaborations) Advanced Pathophysiology (NR 507) Week 2 Quiz(2021)-A+ GRADED

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Marked water deficit is manifested by symptoms of dehydration: headache, thirst, dry skin and mucous membranes, elevated temperature, weight loss, and decreased or concentrated urine (with the excepti... on of diabetes insipidus). Skin turgor may be normal or decreased. Symptoms of hypovolemia, including tachycardia, weak pulses, and postural hypotension, may be present.capillary hydrostatic pressure is higher than the capillary oncotic pressure. At the arterial end of capillaries, fluid moves from the intravascular space into the interstitial, because capillary hydrostatic pressure is higher than the capillary oncotic pressure.When circulating blood volume or blood pressure is reduced, renin, an enzyme secreted by the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney, is released in response to sympathetic nerve stimulation and decreased perfusion of the renal vasculatureIf extracellular potassium concentration increases without a significant change in intracellular potassium, the resting membrane potential becomes more positive (i.e., changes from –90 to –80 mV) and the cell membrane is hypopolarized (the inside of the cell becomes less negative or partially depolarized [increase excitability]). (Electrical properties of cells are discussed in Chapter 1.)Infants are particularly susceptible to significant changes in TBW because of their high metabolic rate and the accelerated turnover of body fluids caused by their greater body surface area in proportion to total body size. Loss of fluids from diarrhea can represent a significant proportion of body weight. Renal mechanisms that regulate fluid and electrolyte conservation may not be mature enough to counter the losses, so dehydration may develop rapidly. [Show More]

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