UWORLD NCLEX RATIONALES/INFORMATION TO KNOW-2020

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Hypovolemic shock most commonly occurs from blood loss but can occur in any condition that reduces intravascular volume. Hypovolemia is classified as either an absolute (ex. hemorrhage, surgery, gas... trointestinal bleeding, vomiting, diarrhea) or a relative (ex. pancreatitis, sepsis) fluid loss. Reduced intravascular volume results in decreased venous return, decreased stroke volume and cardiac output, inadequate tissue perfusion, and impaired cellular metabolism. Clinical manifestations of hypovolemic shock are associated with inadequate tissue perfusion and include: • Change in mental status • Tachycardia with thready pulse • Cool, clammy skin • Oliguria • Tachypnea Decreased urine output (<0.5 mL/kg/hr) despite fluid replacement indicates inadequate tissue perfusion to the kidneys and is a manifestation of hypovolemic shock in a client with normal renal function [Show More]

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