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CHAPTER 33 DIURETICS -Loop diuretics: inhibits reabsorption of sodium/chloride in distal/proximal tubules of the kidney in the loop of Henle -bumetanide -ethacrynic acid -furosemide -torsemide ... -Potassium sparing diuretics: reduces the excretion of potassium from kidney; sodium is excreted but not potassium -amiloride -spironolactone -triamterene -Thiazide and related diuretics: inhibit reabsorption of sodium chloride ions in ascending portion of loop of Henle and early distal tubule of the nephron; excretion of sodium, chloride, and water -chlorothiazide -chlorthalidone -hydrochlorothiazide -indapamide -metolazone -methyclothiazide -Osmotic diuretics: increase density of filtrate in the glomerulus; prevents selective reabsorption of water passing as urine; sodium and chloride is excreted -glycerin -isosorbide -mannitol -urea -Chlorothiazide: a thiazide diuretic; use for hypertension, edema, cirrhosis, corticoseteroid, and estrogen therapy -adverse effects: orthostatic hypotension, dizziness, vertigo, lightheadness, weakness, anorexia, gastric distress, nausea, diarrhea, constipation, hematologic changes, rash, photosensitivity, hyperglycemia, fluid/electrolyte imbalances, decreased libido -Hyponatremia (loss of sodium) ranges: 132-145 mEq/L -Hypomagnesia (low levels of magnesium) ranges: 1.5-2.5 mEq/L or 1.8-3mg/dL -Hypokalemia (low blood potassium) ranges: 3.5-5 mEq/L -Diuretics are for edema but also for hypertension and diabetes; expect hypotension (risk for falling or injury) -Take diuretics once a day in the morning; or twice a day morning/mid-afternoon -Hydatoins with diuretic: decrease diuretic effect -Antidiabetic with diuretic: hyperglycemia -patient with renal compromise: thiazide diuretics could result in azotemia (accumulation of nitrogenous waste in blood); need to check NPN or BUN (creatinine levels) [Show More]

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