Medical Surgical III Test 2 Review

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Assessment of Respiratory Function- Chapter 21 Anatomic and Physiologic Overview o The respiratory system is composed of the upper and lower respiratory tracts. o Together, the two tracts are respo... nsible for ventilation o The upper respiratory tract (upper airway) warms and filters inspired air so that the lower respiratory tracts (lungs) can accomplish gas exchange. o Gas exchange involves delivering oxygen to the tissues through the bloodstream and expelling waste gases, such as carbon dioxide, during expiration. o The respiratory works together with the cardiovascular system, the respiratory system is responsible for ventilation and diffusion and the cardiovascular system is responsible for perfusion.  Metabolic Acidosis (HYPERKALEMIA) o Kidney/Renal Failure o Dialysis o Diabetes o Diarrhea-loss bicarb o Peak Twaves  Metabolic Alkalosis (HYPOKALEMIA) o Vomiting- loss of HCL o NG tube (suction of acid from stomach) o U waves seen o Hyperventilate –lose CO2 (acid)=Alkalosis- Increase HCO3 o Hypo- keep CO2 (acid)=Acidosis- Decrease HCO3  Compensated means the body is trying to compensate for whatever is going wrong, PH in normal range but borderline.  Respiratory Acidosis o COPD o Acute pulmonary edema o ARDS o Hypoventilating o CNS depression  Respiratory Alkalosis o Hyperventilating o Acid deficiency  Respiratory Acidosis Tx o Improve ventilation o Mechanical ventilation o Reversal of sedative o Antibiotics o Diuretics  Respiratory Alkalosis Tx o Sedative o Correct hypoxia o Antipyretics o Treat hyperthyroidism o Breath into paper bag  Metabolic Acidosis Tx o Give bicarb o IV fluids or insulin for DKA o Dialysis o Increase CO o Treat <3  Metabolic Alkalosis o Give K o Diamox, increase HCO3 secreation o Monitor neuro status Anatomy of the Respiratory System Upper Respiratory tract o Consist of the: • Nose • Sinuses • Nasal passages • Pharynx • Tonsils • Adenoids • Larynx • Trachea Lower respiratory tract o Consists of the: • Lungs, which contain the bronchial and alveolar structures needed for gas exchange. [Show More]

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