Psychology > TEST BANK > Theories of Personality 10Ed Ryckman + Instructors Manual-All 18 Chapters with Study guides (All)
Why study personality? The study of human personality helps us understand ourselves and other people better and gives us a greater appreciation for the complexity of human experience. II. Definitio... n of Personality: Personality is the dynamic and organized set of characteristics possessed by an individual that uniquely influences his or her cognitions, motivations and behaviors in various situations. III. Personality and Science: Personality is a scientific enterprise concerned with the description, explanation, prediction, and control of events. A. Components of Science: Theories and Research Methods 1. What are theories? A theory is a system of interrelated conceptual statements that are created by investigators to account for a phenomenon or a set of phenomena. 2. Kinds of theories a. inductive-sets of general summary statements about phenomena derived from facts. b. deductive-theories in which specific hypotheses are derived from abstract propositions and then tested by the collection of data. Deductive theories consist of postulates, propositions, conceptual definitions, operational definitions, hypotheses, and empirical observations. 1. postulates-the fundamental or core assumptions of a theory. They are taken as selfevidently true in order to provide a clear and focused direction for theorizing and research. [Show More]
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