Kaplan University NR511 FINAL EXAM ( Correct ANSWERS are HIGHLIGHTED)

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NR 511 / NR511 FINAL EXAM 1 The effectiveness of benzodiazepines in treating anxiety disorders suggests that which of the following neurotransmitters plays a role in anxiety? Gamma-aminobutyric aci... d (GABA) The criteria for diagnosing generalized anxiety disorder in the American Psychiatric Associations Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (text revision) state that excessive worry or apprehension must be present more days than not for at least? 6 months A 20-year-old woman is seen in the clinic because her boyfriend was found to have gonorrhea. Which of the following is the treatment of choice for gonorrhea? a. Ceftriaxone b. Doxycycline c. Acyclovir d. Metronidazole Ceftriaxone A patient is seen in the clinic with a chief complaint of hematuria. To make a differential diagnosis, which of the following questions should be asked? a. "Do you have a history of liver disease?" b. "What medications are you currently taking?" c. "Have you noticed swelling in your ankles?" d. All of the above "What medications are you currently taking" A patient is seen in the clinic with hematuria confirmed on microscopic examination. The clinician should inquire about the ingestion of which of these substances that might be the cause of hematuria? a. NSAIDs b. Beets c. Vitamin A d. Red meat NSAIDS A 27-year-old female presents with a chief complaint of burning and pain on urination. She has no previous history of urinary tract infection (UTI). What are some additional symptoms consistent with a diagnosis of lower UTI? a. Back and abdominal pain b. Fever, chills, costovertebral angle (CVA) tendernessc. Blood in urine and frequency d. Foul-smelling discharge, perineal itch Blood in urine ad frequency A 30-year-old patient presents with pain on urination. The urine microscopy of unspun urine shows greater than 10 leukocytes/mL, and a dipstick is positive for nitrites. What is the probable diagnosis? a. Lower urinary tract infection b. Chlamydia infection c. Candidiasis d. Pyelonephritis Lower urinary tract infection A patient presents with CVA tenderness and a several-day history of high fever, chills, and dysuria. Which of the following diagnoses is most likely given the above information? a. Pyelonephritis b. Cystitis c. Renal calculi d. Bladder tumor Pyelonephritis A patient is diagnosed with urge incontinence. Before prescribing Detrol XL, the provider should question the patient about which of these contraindications to this medication? a. Diarrhea b. Parkinson's disease c. Closed-angle glaucoma d. Breast cancer Closed-angle glaucoma A patient is seen in the office complaining of severe flank pain. The clinician should assess this patient for which risk factor for kidney stones? a. Hypertension b. Constipation c. Tubal ligation d. Diabetes Hypertension A patient is diagnosed with overactive bladder. Which of the following instructions should be given to this woman? a. "Limit the amount of water that you drink." b. "Eliminate caffeine from your diet." c. "Wear panty liners." d. All of the above Eliminate caffeine from your dietA 34-year-old patient was treated for a UTI and has not responded to antibiotic therapy. Which of the following actions should be taken next? a. Send a urine specimen for microscopy and evaluate for fungal colonies. b. Increase the dose of antibiotic. c. Order a cytoscopy. d. Order a different antibiotic. Send a urine specimen for microscopy and evaluate for fungal colonies Which of the following are predisposing factors for pyelonephritis? a. Pregnancy b. Dehydration c. Smoking d. Alkaline urine Pregnancy A 42-year-old woman is seen in the clinic with fever, chills, vomiting, and severe dysuria. She is diagnosed with acute pyelonephritis. How should this patient be managed? a. 3-day course of oral antibiotics b. Hospitalization c. Encourage cranberry juice intake. d. 6-week course of antibiotics Hospitalization Oral antibiotics may be prescribed in mild cases of acute pyelonephritis, characterized by the absence of nausea and vomiting or signs of sepsis. First-line therapy includes ciprofloxacin (Cipro) 500 mg two times daily for 7 days, or ciprofloxacin extended-release (Cipro XR) 1,000 mg daily for 7 days, or levofloxacin (Levaquin) 750 mg daily for 5 days. Hospitalization may be indicated, depending on the patient's ability to maintain adequate fluid intake and to tolerate oral antibiotics, along with the severity of the symptoms and evidence of bacteremia. Hospitalization of patients who are pregnant, vomiting, or dehydrated should be strongly considered. Likewise, the patient's degree of systemic illness (bacteremia or urosepsis), age, history of chronic disease, or nonadherence to therapy may lead to the assessment that hospitalization is necessary. Ninety- five percent of patients demonstrate a good response within 48 hours to IV antibiotic treatment and may be discharged on appropriate oral medication, once urine culture and antibiotic sensitivity results are available and subsequent antimicrobial therapy may be narrowed in spectrum. A patient is seen with a sudden onset of flank pain accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and diaphoresis. In addition to nephrolithiasis, which of the following should be added to the list of differential diagnoses? a. Pancreatitis b. Peptic ulcer disease [Show More]

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