Sophia us history II – milestone 4,100% CORRECT

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Which of the following was NOT a consequence of government efforts to address violent crime and drug use in the 1980s and 1990s? • African Americans made up approximately 70 percent of the priso... n population. • President Clinton signed a bill that increased funding for law enforcement officials. • Prisons provided a source of jobs and revenue for rural areas. • Rising use of crack cocaine generated violence between rival gangs. 2 President Richard Nixon’s process of “Vietnamization” shifted the responsibility for defending South Vietnam to the Vietnamese. Choose the false statement about consequences of Vietnamization. • Congress attempted to roll back the executive branch’s influence in foreign policy by repealing the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution. • Student protests intensified after it was revealed that Nixon had authorized bombing in Cambodia. • The Nixon administration moved swiftly to prevent future government leaks following the release of the Pentagon Papers. • The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the Nixon administration could prevent the publication of the Pentagon Papers. 3 Which event that led to the economic recession of 2008 happened first? • Repackaging risky investments swelled the housing market, leading to a “housing bubble.” • Banks offered high risk, high-interest subprime mortgages to low-income borrowers. • The partial repeal of the Glass-Steagall Act opened the door for the creation of “super banks.” • Mortgage interest rates increased, but workers’ wages remained flat. 4 Read the excerpt from an address to Congress made by President George W. Bush articulating the Bush Doctrine: Our response involves far more than instant retaliation and isolated strikes. Americans should not expect one battle, but a lengthy campaign unlike any other we have ever seen . . . . We will starve terrorists of funding, turn them one against another, drive them from place to place until there is no refuge or no rest. And we will pursue nations that provide aid or safe haven to terrorism. Every nation, in every region, now has a decision to make: Either you are with us or you are with the terrorists. From this day forward, any nation that continues to harbor or support terrorism will be regarded by the United States as a hostile regime. Under what circumstances was the Bush Doctrine articulated? • when ground troops were sent into Afghanistan • in response to the terrorist attacks on September 11 • during Operation Desert Storm • after Bush’s narrow electoral college win 5 How did president Ronald Reagan escalate the Cold War? • He met with Mikhail Gorbachev to discuss arms reductions and lower military budgets. • He engaged in anti-Communist interventions in Grenada and Nicaragua. • He opposed the Strategic Defense Initiative as an outdated method to stop Soviet aggression. • He accused the Soviets of bombing a Marines barracks in Lebanon that killed 200 soldiers. 6 All of the following statements reveal an effect of political organizing by evangelical Christians EXCEPT __________. • "As a member of the Moral Majority, I will oppose any political candidate with liberal views on gender and sexuality." • "As a parent, I am pleased to know that Congress is considering a constitutional amendment to protect prayer in school." • “As a Christian, I support the president and the American government before God." • “As a Republican representative, I have changed my position on abortion to appease my constituents.” 7 "The decline of manufacturing here, along with the recession and a lack of well-paying jobs, has convinced many of us blue-collar workers to support the Republican Party in the 1980 election." The speaker is most likely from (A) the Rust Belt . A the Sunbelt the Rust Belt Washington, D.C. the Bible Belt Silicon Valley 8 U.S. forces finally captured the former leader of this country, who was found guilty of crimes against his own people and executed in 2006. Choose the map that accurately indicates in red the country where this occurred. • • • • 9 Choose the false statement about the American economy in the 2000s. • The Federal Reserve Board cut interest rates to encourage consumer spending. • The majority of American households profited from investing in high-tech and Internet companies. • Large corporations were accused and convicted of allegations of massive accounting fraud. • Americans continued to lose manufacturing jobs as production was outsourced to other countries. 10 Choose the false statement about the court’s role in uncovering the Watergate scandal. • A federal district judge threatened harsh sentences if more people didn’t come forward. • Several members of the Richard Nixon administration admitted to perjury during the trial. • Using Federal Bureau of Intelligence evidence, a district judge convicted five of the Watergate burglars. • President Richard Nixon was allowed to keep White House tapes by citing executive privilege. 11 Choose the false statement about the nature of the American economy in the 1970s. • The United States faced increasing economic competition from the Soviet Union and the Eastern bloc. • The Sunbelt gained political influence as a center for economic and technological progress. • High inflation and slow economic growth created stagflation. • The United States experienced a trade deficit for the first time in the 20th century. 12 Which of the following events marked the beginning of the New World Order in U.S. foreign policy in the 1990s? • American military forces along with soldiers from other nations ousted Iraqi forces from Kuwait. • The United States sent troops and aircraft to Saudi Arabia to protect the nation from Iraqi aggression. • NATO intervened in Yugoslavia to stop growing violence between religious and ethnic groups. • The United States watched as the Soviet Union descended into chaos and the Eastern bloc disintegrated. 13 Choose the statement that describes a success of Operation Enduring Freedom. • The United States declared victory after fewer than 60 days in battle. • The operation freed Kabul from Taliban control. • U.S. soldiers killed Osama bin Laden in Afghanistan. • Weapons of mass destruction were discovered and destroyed. 14 Read the testimony of a Mexican American migrant laborer to Congress in 1969: What this system and our society is going to have to know and understand is that the migrant farmworker, even though tired, uneducated, hungry, and sick, have contributed and sacrificed just as much as anyone else and more than most to this Nation. We have cultivated this earth, planted and harvested all crops for generations in order to provide all the luxuries in food, clothing, and many other items that those of society which surrounds us enjoy today. In addition to commercial agriculture, what other industry continued to rely heavily on immigrant labor in the 20th century? • textile • medical • mining • finance 15 Read the excerpt from a speech president Ronald Reagan made in 1987 after Mikhail Gorbachev implemented glasnost and perestroika in the Soviet Union: Are these the beginnings of profound changes in the Soviet state? Or are they token gestures, intended to raise false hopes in the West or to strengthen the Soviet system without changing it? In the excerpt, Reagan suggests __________. • The Soviet Union still can’t be trusted. • The Cold War is over. • The Soviet Union is responding to U.S. pressure. • The principles of democracy are spreading. 16 Choose the false statement about the Lyndon Johnson administration’s Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965. • The new law placed an annual limit on immigrants from Latin American countries. • The new law emphasized immigrants’ skills and family ties instead of race or nationality. • The new law overturned restrictions on immigrants from southeastern Europe and Asia. • American farmers were required to provide decent wages and decent housing for migrant workers. 17 “Thousands of Americans are dying from this disease because of government inaction.” This statement regarding the AIDS crisis of the 1980s reflects the view of which of the following groups? • The New Right • Liberals • Evangelicals • Yuppies 18 A state wants to build a new highway with federal funds, but the proposed highway runs through a major wetlands area. The __________ requires the completion of an “environmental impact statement” before this federal project can be undertaken. • Environmental Protection Agency • Occupational Safety and Health Administration • National Environmental Policy Act • Energy Policy and Conservation Act 19 President Bill Clinton campaigned as a “new Democrat” — that is, he was socially liberal but economically conservative — but he bowed to social conservatives several times throughout his presidency by endorsing all of the following EXCEPT __________. • Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell • healthcare reform • personal responsibility • the War on Drugs 20 Choose the false statement about the effects of the 1990s economy in America. • Free trade agreements increased the prices of consumer goods. • By 2000, inflation was at 2.3 percent and unemployment was 3.9 percent, the lowest in decades. • The federal government had to borrow less money as the federal deficit shrank. • Investment of capital along with low interest rates increased consumer confidence in the economy. 21 All of the following were effects of busing during the 1970s EXCEPT __________. • Public schools in all Northern cities were successfully integrated. • “White flight” saw large numbers of families leaving cities and moving to the suburbs. • President Richard Nixon rejected busing programs as government overreach. • Many white parents sent their children to private rather than public schools. 22 One of the most significant and swift social transformations in recent American history occurred when the Supreme Court determined that __________. • Marriage was a union between a man and a woman. • Same-sex marriage was a constitutional right. • Climate change was real. • English was the official language of the United States. 23 Which act authorized law enforcement to examine American citizens’ telephone conversations and e-mails without a warrant? • the Federal Emergency Management Act • the USA PATRIOT Act • the American Recovery Act • the Homeland Security Act 24 Choose the statement that reflects a foreign policy success for president Gerald Ford. • Rather than containment or Détente, he based his foreign policy on human rights. • He was the first American president to visit the Soviet Union. • Along with the Soviet premier and 31 other countries, he agreed to the Helsinki Accords. • He helped negotiate peace between Israel and Egypt, which resulted in the Camp David Accords. 25 Name an intended effect of Reaganomics in the 1980s. • Annual budget deficits and the national debt increased. • New jobs were plentiful in the service industry. • The number of unionized manufacturing jobs increased. • Economic growth resumed and disposable incomes increased. 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