NSG 310 FINAL EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ALL ANSWERS 100% CORRECT SPRING FALL 2022 LATEST SOLUTION GUARANTEED GRADE A+

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1. Examine the historical foundations of the nursing profession. • nursing history provides students with a: sense of professional identity, useful methodological research skill, context for evalua... ting information • American Civil War- Volunteer women demonstrated effectiveness of skilled nursing on improving outcomes, Emergence of nurse training schools • First Three Training Schools for Nurses- nurses under superintendent, graduate private duty nurses, long days of patient service, training at end of day spent in the ward • 1901: Army Nurse Corps, 1908: Navy Nurse Corps • World War I: American red cross and Jane Delano • Society of Superintendents of Training Schools for Nurses of the United States &Canada: Focus: Advance and standardize training of nurses (Renamed the ANA) • Progressive Era and Community Health Nursing- started prevention and health promotion • 1930s: improve economy = graduate nurses are better, new hospital income, affordable nurse wages = surplus of graduate nurses willing to work for minimum wage • 1941: World war II- o 1943: Frances Payne Bolton, U.S. Congress, authorized bill  U.S. Public Health Service established Cadet Nurse Corp, whose focus was to increase the number of professional nurses by financially subsidizing nursing education • Cadet Nurse Corps- allowed nurses to be in school with free tuition but practice nursing in the military • Redesign of nursing edu. • 1950s- hospitals hired nurses more but still clashed w/physicians and admins • Rockefeller Foundation endowed the establishment of two university-based nursing schools, Yale (1924) and Vanderbilt (1930) • 1920 and 1930s- Premise of Baccalaureate Programs • African American Nurses- o Late 1800s: Separate hospitals and schools o 1952: All state nurses associations had dissolved racial restrictions o 1971: National Black Nurses Association • Male nurses- o Selective Services Act: Male nurses were denied professional status and served as enlisted personnel in health-related positions o 1955: Korean Conflict: Legislation allowed appointment of male nurses as reserve officers in the Army, Navy, and Air Force • Post WWII: o Hill-Burton Act of 1946: Federal funds for hospital construction and new health centers, Advances in medicine • Nursing shortage- Growing elderly population, crowding and restricted admissions o 1964: Nurse Training Act: Scholarships, loans, recruitment, school construction and maintenance, and special educational projects o 1950 to 1967 • Registered nurses: Increased by 67% • Practical nurses: Increased by 134% • Nursing aides: Increased by 244% 2. Identify key figures in the development of the art and science of nursing practice. • Florence Nightingale o Established first nursing philosophy based on health maintenance and restoration. o Developed the first organized program for training nurses o First practicing nurse epidemiologist. o Volunteered (lady with lamp) during Crimean War o Nursing as in charge of someone’s health o Improved sanitation- cholera and dysentery • Lillian Wald: Established role for nursing in the community because the needs of NY residents were limitless. Founded the National Organization for Public Health Nursing in 1912, Worked with Metropolitan Life Insurance Company, • Mary Brewster: Henry Street Settlement House and Henry Street Visiting Nurse Services • Mildred Montag: Associate Degree Nursing Programs 3. Compare and contrast various nursing theories and theoretical frameworks that underpin nursing practice. • Nightingale- environment is critical to health, nurse’s role in caring is to provide a clean, quiet, peaceful environment to promote healing (Sunlight, ventilation, fresh air, light, warmth, cleanliness, quiet and proper selection and admin of diet, patient never awakened, variety of color/objects). N’s intent was to describe nursing and provide guidelines for nursing edu. o Nursing: nursing is a service to humanity intended to relieve pain and suffering. Role is to promote or provide proper environment for patients. • Rogers- individual is viewed as an irreducible energy field, made whole with the environment. nurses promote interactions between humans and environments. o Nursing: should be concerned w/studying the nature and direction of unitary human development integral with the environment and with evolving descriptive, explanatory, and predictive principles for use in nursing practice. • Orem- individual practices self-care, a set of learned behaviors, to sustain life, maintain or restore functioning, and bring about a condition of well-being. Nurses assists client with self-care when they experience a deficit in ability to perform. o Nursing: assists client with self-care to sustain life and health, recover from disease or injury, and cope with their effects. Nurse chooses actions from nursing systems designed to bring desirable conditions in persons and environment. • Roy- individual is a biopsychosocial adaptive system, and the nurse promotes adaptation by modifying external stimuli. o Nursing: nurses act to modify stimuli affecting adaptation by increasing, decreasing, or maintaining stimuli. Nurse promotes adaptation in physiological, self-concept, role function, and interdependence. • Neuman- wholistic view of the client system, including the concepts of open system, environment, stressors, prevention, & reconstitution. Nursing concerned w/whole person. o Nursing: concerned w/all variables affecting the individual’s response to stress, keeping the client system stable through accuracy in assessment and possible effects. Goals are determined by negotiation w/client (approved by the client) • Watson- caring (moral rather than task-oriented behavior) is central to nursing and includes aspects of the actual caring occasion and transpersonal caring relationship. Caring results in the satisfaction of human needs. o Nursing: nursing values, knowledge, and practices of human caring that are geared toward subjective inner healing processes and life world experiences (creative factors). Goal of nursing: help persons attain higher degree of harmony by offering a relationship the client can use for personal growth and development. • Peplau- goal-directed interpersonal process, psychodynamic nursing is being able to understand one’s own behavior to help other identify felt difficulties and to apply principles of human relations to the problems that arise at levels of experience. Once the problem (that prompts client for nursing help) is resolved, relationship ends. o Nursing: therapeutic interpersonal process because it involves the interaction between two or more individuals who have a common goal. Nurse relationship w/client: stranger, resource person, teacher, leader, surrogate, and counselor. • King- individual is open system and as one component of a nurse-client interpersonal system whose interactions lead to attainment of mutually agreed-upon goals. o Nursing: nurse and client communicate, set goals, and explore means to achieve the goals. Goal of nursing is health for individuals, groups, and communities. • Leininger- focusses on comparative study and analysis of different cultures and subcultures in the world regarding their caring behaviors, nursing care, health-illness values, and patterns of behavior with the goal of developing body of knowledge. o Nursing: learned humanisitic and scientific profession that focuses on personalized care behaviors, functions, and processes that have significance for meaning. Goal of nursing to assist, support, facilitate, or enable individuals/groups to regain or maintain their health in a way that is culturally confluent or to help people. 4. Articulate how caring forms the foundation of the art and science of nursing practice. • As an art: nurses deliver care with compassion, caring, and respect for each patient’s dignity and personhood • As a science: nursing practice is based on a body of knowledge that is continually changing with new discoveries and innovations • includes several components: o Blend of current knowledge o Understanding and incorporation of practice standards o Insightful and compassionate approach to care o Socialization within the profession o Gaining experience and expertise • Patients value the affective dimension of nursing care: Connecting with patients and families, Being present, Respecting values, beliefs, and health care choices CHAPTER 1 The Nurse’s Associated Alumnae was created to focus on achieving legal recognition for nurses. This action would help protect the public from incompetent nurses and strengthen the union of nursing organizations. The Nurse’s Associated Alumnae viewed a united group as a strong force. The statement that the Nurse’s Associated Alumnae created fair wages and the statement that it ensured employment for registered nurses are incorrect because these are not contributions of the Nurse’s Associated Alumnae. Lillian Wald significantly contributed to the nursing profession. These contributions include helping found the Henry Street Settlement House, improving health conditions for immigrants, helping with the creation of a visiting nurse service, and founding nursing’s first specialty organization. Wald did not establish the first American training school for nurses, so this statement is incorrect. Florence Nightingale was a British nurse who revolutionized care to the British soldiers during the Crimean War. Training schools were set up following her nursing model of care. These training schools led the way to modern nursing education. The statement that Nightingale was American is incorrect because Nightingale was a British nurse. The idea that Nightingale believed that certain women were born to be nurses is incorrect because Nightingale believed that all women cared for others at one point or another and therefore were nurses. Over the course of 150 years, the nursing profession has faced many challenges. These challenges include issues surrounding gender, strict requirements for entry into nursing programs, pandemic diseases, wars, and lack of licensed nurses to provide safe patient care. The idea that nursing has been minimally impacted by wars is incorrect because over the course of history, war has had a significant impact on the profession of nursing. Public health nurses of the early 1900s contributed significantly to the health and well-being of the nation. Nurses went out into the public and directly influenced the health of others by teaching sanitation methods, including the patient and family in nursing practice and decreasing the rate of disease. The actions of these nurses shaped the American health system by teaching individuals to manage and be active in their own health. The elimination of certain diseases is incorrect because the rate of disease was decreased, but not eliminated because of the actions of nurses during this era. [Show More]

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