Kansas State University FNDH 620 - Final Exam 2022 (COMPLETE SOLUTIONS)

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True or False Vitamins: - cannot be made in the body - noncaloric - required in small amounts (mg and mcg) - ✔✔TRUE Vitamins: - cannot be made in the body - noncaloric - required in small ... amounts (mg and mcg) What 3 forms can vitamin A take? - ✔✔- retinol (alcohol) - retinal (aldehyde) - retinoic acid (acid form from retinal) What form of vitamin A is normally found in blood and tissues? - ✔✔Retinyl Palmitate What form of vitamin A is found in plants? - ✔✔Previtamin A - carotenoid structure that includes the carotenes and xanthophylls - found in plants - needs to be converted to active vitamin A What is the most potent form of vitamin A? - ✔✔Beta caroteneWhere can retinyl esters be found? - ✔✔Animal Products *only* Where can vitamin A be found? - ✔✔Fortified milk and milk products Where can previtamin A carotenoids be found? - ✔✔Plant sources - orange and dark green vegetables Vitamin A containing micelles form and traverse the enterocyte plasma membrane by what type of diffusion? - ✔✔Passive Diffusion What two things are needed in the digestion of vitamin A? - ✔✔Bile and Fat Beta-carotene and other carotenoids can be converted to retinol by what means? - ✔✔Beta-carotene and other carotenoids can be converted to retinol by cleavage of the central double bond When beta-carotene is cleaved, how many molecules of retinal does it make? - ✔✔1 beta-carotene = 2 retinal Retinyl, retinyl esters, and carotenoids are packaged into what and transported where? - ✔✔Retinyl, retinyl esters, and carotenoids are packaged in *chylomicrons* and transported in the *lymphatic system*. Vitamin A and carotenoids are metabolized where and as what? - ✔✔Vitamin A and carotenoids are metabolized in the liver as chylomicron remnants. Retinoic acid is absorbed and transported to which organ bound to what protein? - ✔✔Retinoic acid is absorbed and transported to the liver bound to albumin. The liver stores 90% of which vitamin? [Show More]

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