AQA A-Level Biology (new spec) Unit 1A - Biological Molecules. LATEST 2022.

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Monomers - Ans-Small basic molecular units Examples of monomers - Ans-monosaccharides, amino acids and nucleotides Polymers - Ans-Large complex molecules composed of long chains of monomers join... ed together Examples of polymers - Ans-Carbohydrates, proteins and nucleic acids What type of sugar is glucose? - Ans-Hexose How many types of glucose are there? - Ans-2 What are the names of the types of glucose? - Ans-Alpha-glucose and beta-glucose Structure of Alpha Glucose - Ans- Structure of Beta Glucose - Ans- Are the types of glucose isomers? - Ans-Yes What is a condensation reaction? - Ans-When 2 molecules join together with the formation of a new chemical bond, releasing a water molecule Condensation reactions join which molecules? - Ans-Monosaccharides What type of chemical bond forms between 2 monosaccharides? - Ans-Glycosidic What is formed when 2 monosaccharides join together? - Ans-Disaccharide Which 2 molecules make maltose? - Ans-Alpha glucose and alpha glucose What is sucrose made from? - Ans-Alpha glucose and fructose Which 2 molecules make lactose? - Ans-Alpha glucose and galactose What is a hydrolysis reaction? - Ans-When 2 molecules are broken apart using a water molecule What is broken down by hydrolysis to form monosaccharides? - Ans-Carbohydrates Benedict's Test for Reducing Sugars I - Ans-Add Benedict's reagent to a sample and add it to a water bath which is boiling Benedict's Test for Reducing Sugars II - Ans-If the test is positive, it will form a coloured precipitate, if it's negative, it'll stay blue Benedict's Test for Non-Reducing Sugars I - Ans-Get a new sample of the test solution, add DILUTE HCl and heat it in a water bath that has been brought to the boil Benedict's Test for Non-Reducing Sugars II - Ans-Neutralise the solution with sodium hydrogencarbonate Benedict's Test for Non-Reducing Sugars III - Ans-Carry out the Benedict's test as normal Polysaccharide - Ans-Formed when more than 2 monosaccharides are joined together by condensation reactions Function of Starch - Ans-Energy store What makes up starch? - Ans-Amylose and amylopectin Structure of amylose - Ans-Long, unbranched chain of alpha-glucose; has a coiled structure, making it compact and good for storage Structure of amylopectin - Ans-Long, branched chain of alpha-glucose, side branches allow the enzymes that break the molecule down to access the bonds easily, meaning glucose can be released quickly Features of starch - Ans-Insoluble in water, doesn't affect water potential so water doesn't enter the cell, which would make them swell [Show More]

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