CHAPTER 2 MANEGMENT 1100, Central Georgia Technical College exam test questions and answers solution graded A solution 2020

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CHAPTER 2 MANEGMENT 1100, Central Georgia Technical College exam test questions and answers solution graded A solution 2020 In the context of contemporary approaches to management, managers may u... se _____ to compare alternatives and eliminate weaker options. the contingency perspective quantitative management administrative management organizational behavior the sociotechnical systems theory In the context of managerial approaches, which of the following is true of change? Change prevents businesses from achieving greater quality and speed. If one does not anticipate change and adapt to it, one’s firm will not thrive in a competitive business environment. Management knowledge and practices remain constant in the face of change. Change is happening at a slower rate than at any other time in history. The best managers today embrace change by moving from contemporary managerial approaches to classic managerial approaches. What is a feature of organizational behavior? Unlike other approaches, it has always been appreciated for its broad perspective. In the past few years, many of the primary issues addressed by organizational behavior have experienced a rebirth with a greater interest in leadership. The more recent contributions made by organizational behavior have a narrower viewpoint. It does not address factors like employee involvement and self-management. Through the years, organizational behavior has consistently emphasized development of organizations’ human resources to achieve organizational rather than individual goals. Bureaucracy can be defined as: a classical management approach that attempted to understand and explain how human psychological and social processes interact with the formal aspects of the work situation to influence performance. a classical management approach emphasizing a structured, formal network of relationships among specialized positions in the organization. a classical management approach that attempted to build into operations the specific procedures and processes that would ensure coordination of effort to achieve established goals and plans. a classical management approach that applied scientific methods to analyze and determine the “one best way” to complete production tasks. a contemporary management approach that emphasizes the application of quantitative analysis to managerial decisions and problems. The critics of scientific management claimed that: it leads to too much authority being vested in too few people. managers may ignore appropriate rules and regulations. managers were not trained to apply the principles of the theory. it did not help managers deal with broader external issues. organizations that need rapid decision making and flexibility may suffer with this approach. The classical approaches as a whole were criticized because: they usually stressed one aspect of an organization or its employees at the expense of other considerations. many aspects of a management decision could not be expressed through mathematical symbols and formulas. they overemphasized the relationship between an organization and its external environment. most managers were not trained in using the classical approaches. they assumed employees wanted to work and could direct and control themselves. What was the aim of the human relations approach to management? Emphasizing economical operations, adequate staffing, maintenance of inventories to meet consumer demand, and organizational control Understanding how psychological and social processes interact with the work situation to influence performance Emphasizing the perspective of senior managers within the organization Applying scientific methods to analyze work and to determine how to complete production tasks efficiently Eliminating the variability that results when managers in the same organization have different skills, experiences, and goals What does initiative as one of Henri Fayol’s 14 principles of management refer to? Determining the relative importance of superior and subordinate roles Encouraging employees to act on their own in support of the organization’s direction Assigning only one supervisor to each employee Dividing work into specialized tasks and assigning responsibilities to specific individuals Promoting a unity of interests between employees and management According to the five levels of needs suggested by Abraham Maslow, which is the most advanced need from among the given options? Food Personal fulfillment Rest Shelter Friendship In the context of modern contributors, which of the following was a major contribution of management guru, Peter Drucker? The ability to urge U.S. firms to fight their competition by refocusing their business strategies on several drivers of success like people and customers The focus on the “strategic and organizational challenges confronting managers in multinational corporations” The discovery that great companies are managed by “level 5 leaders” who often display humility while simultaneously inspiring those in the organization to apply self-discipline The need for organizations to set clear objectives and establish the means of evaluating progress toward those objectives The focus on the areas of organizational learning and change The _____ approach aimed at understanding how psychological and social processes interact with the work situation to influence performance. bureaucracy systematic management scientific management human relations administrative management Which of the following helped organizations achieve goals through systematic management? Careful definition of duties and responsibilities Preservation of employees’ interpersonal relationships and other human aspects of the work Focus on decentralization in decision making Emphasis on the application of quantitative analysis to managerial decisions and problems Encouragement of participation and provision of opportunities for individual challenge Identify the right statement about the contribution made by Jack Welch toward management thought Andpractices. He is known for being the first person to discuss “management by objective” (MBO), by which a manager should be self-driven to accomplish key goals that link to organizational success. He is widely viewed as having mastered “all of the critical aspects of leadership: people, process, strategy and structure.” He contends that bureaucratic structures can eliminate the variability that results when managers in the same organization have different skills, experiences, and goals. He established the need for organizations to set clear objectives and establish the means of evaluating progress toward those objectives. He advocated the application of scientific methods to analyze work and to determine how to complete production tasks efficiently. What explains the limited use of quantitative management? It believes that economic needs have precedence over social needs. Many of the decisions managers face are nonroutine and unpredictable. Managers are oriented more toward things than toward people. It holds that all aspects of a management decision should mandatorily be expressed through mathematical symbols and formulas. It is difficult to discontinue the use of this process once it has been established. Which contemporary approach to management has been used in a limited manner because many aspects of a management decision cannot be expressed through mathematical symbols and formulas? Organizational behavior Systematic management Human relations Quantitative management Administrative management When a manager treats employees as lazy, unmotivated, and in need of tight supervision, the employees eventually meet the manager’s expectations by acting that way. According to Douglas McGregor, this is known as: a contingency. an open system. a self-fulfilling prophecy. a physiological need. a bureaucratic approach. Which is the correct statement about the sociotechnical systems theory? It emphasized the perspective of senior managers within an organization. Most organizations did not adopt the sociotechnical systems theory for management problems until the year 2000. It emphasized a structured, formal network of relationships among specialized positions in an organization. Itwas put into action in the late 1980s and 1990s when each of the large U.S. automakers created cooperative ventures with the major Japanese automakers. It was the first major approach to emphasize informal work relationships and worker satisfaction. Which of the following led Taylor to introduce an approach to management known as scientific management? He believed that specific procedures and processes should be built into operations to ensure coordination of effort. He concluded that management decisions were unsystematic and that no research to determine the best means of production existed. He emphasized economical operations, adequate staffing, maintenance of inventories to meet consumer demand, and organizational control. He believed that bureaucratic structures can eliminate the variability that results when managers in the same organization have different skills, experiences, and goals. He advocated that the jobs themselves be standardized so that personnel changes would not disrupt the organization. A manager assumes workers are lazy and irresponsible and require constant supervision and external motivation to achieve organizational goals. Which of the following does the manager most likely follow? Sociotechnical systems approach Bureaucracy approach Systems theory Theory X Human relations approach [Show More]

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