Pharmacology Quiz 1 Rasmussen (Answered) 100% mastery. 2021/2022

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Pharmacokinetics - ✔✔how the drug moves through the body that is necessary to achieve drug action. 4 processes: absorption, distribution, metabolism (biotransformation,) and excretion (elimination... ) Drug Absorption - ✔✔movement of the drug into the bloodstream after administration Drug Distribution - ✔✔movement of drug from circulation to body tissues. Drug Metabolism - ✔✔body chemically changes drugs into a form that can be excreted. Liver is primary site. Drug Excretion - ✔✔elimination of drugs from body is through the kidneys also through bile, lungs, saliva, sweat and breast milk. Pharmacodynamics - ✔✔effects of drugs on the body Dose-Response Relationship - ✔✔body's physiologic response to changes in drug concentration at the site of action. Potency is amount needed to elicit a response. Onset - ✔✔time it takes for minimum effective concentration after administration Peak - ✔✔highest concentration in the blood Duration of action - ✔✔length of time drug exerts a therapeutic effect Therapeutic Drug Monitoring - ✔✔checking serum drug levels and for toxicity Receptor Theory - ✔✔part of pharmacodynamic phase; most receptors (protein in nature) are found in cell membranes; drug-binding sites are primarily on proteins/glycoproteins/proteolipids/enzymes; drugs act through receptors by binding to the receptor to initiate a response or to prevent a response. The ability to bind to a receptor many times determines activity; binds well= the more biologically active (lock and key) Agonists - ✔✔activate receptors and produce desired response. Antagonist - ✔✔prevent receptor activation and block a response. Mechanisms of Drug Action - ✔✔Stimulation enhances intrinsic activity. Depression decrease neural activity and bodily functions. Irritation have a noxious effect. Replacement replace essential body compounds. Cytotoxic Action selectively kill invading parasites or cancers. Antimicrobial action prevent, inhibit, or kill infectious organisms. Modification of Immune Status enhance or depress the immune system. Side effects - ✔✔secondary effects of drug therapy Adverse effects - ✔✔unintentional, unexpected reactions to drug therapy that occur at normal drug dosages Drug Toxicity - ✔✔occur when drug levels exceed the therapeutic range Pharmacogenetics - ✔✔genetic factors that influence an individual's response to a specific drug. Biologic Variations - ✔✔not multiple races but multiple genotypes. tolerance - ✔✔decreased responsiveness to a drug over the course of therapy. Tachyphylaxis - ✔✔refers to acute, rapid decrease in response to a drug. Placebo Effect - ✔✔Drug response not attributed to the chemical properties of the drug. Drug Interactions - ✔✔altered or modified action or effect of drug as a result of interaction with one or multiple drugs. Pharmacokinetic Interactions - ✔✔changes that occur in the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion Pharmacodynamic Interactions - ✔✔result in additive, synergistic, or antagonistic drug effects Drug-Nutrient Interactions - ✔✔May increase or decrease pharmacokinetics Drug-Laboratory Interactions - ✔✔There is often drug interference with lab tests because of cross-reaction with antibodies, interference with enzyme reactions, or alteration of chemical reactions Drug-Induced Photosensitivity - ✔✔skin reaction caused by exposure to sunlight. [Show More]

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