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Which of the following organizations developed the Open Systems Interconnection? (OSI) model? A. International Telecommunication Union (ITU-T) B. Comité Consultatif International Télégraphique e... t Téléphonique (CCITT) C. American National Standards Institute (ANSI) D. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) E. International Organization for Standardization (ISO) - ANSWER E. ISO developed and published the OSI model to serve as a conceptual model for software and hardware developers. The ITU-T, formerly known as the CCITT, coordinates the development and advancement of international telecommunication networks and services. ANSI is a private organization that administers and coordinates a United States-based standardization and conformity assessment system. The IEEE publishes standards that define data link and physical layer standards. These standards are referred to collectively as the 802 series At which of the following layers of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model do the protocols on a typical local area network (LAN) use media access control (MAC) addresses to identify other computers on the network? A. Physical B. Data link C. Network D. Transport - ANSWER B. The Ethernet (or IEEE 802.3) protocol at the data link layer uses MAC addresses to idenitify computers on the local network. MAC addresses are coded into the firmware of physical network interface adapters by the manufacturer. The physical layer deals with signals and is not involved in addressing. The IP protocol at the network layer has its own addressing system. The transport layer protocols are not involved in addressing. Which layer of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model is responsible for the logical addressing of end systems and the routing of datagrams on a network? A. Physical B. Data link C. Network D. Transport E. Session F. Presentation G. Application - ANSWER C. Network layer protocols (such as IP) contain headers that specify logical addresses for end system communication and route datagrams across a network. The physical layer defines standards for physical and mechanical characteristics of a network. The data link layer uses media access control (MAC) or hardware addresses, not logical addresses. The transport layer uses port numbers, not logical addresses. Session layer protocols create and maintain a dialogue between end systems. Presentation layer protocols are responsible for the formatting, translation, and presentation of information. The application layer provides an entry point for applications to access the protocol stack and prepare information for transmission across a network. On a TCP/IP network, which layers of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model contain protocols that are responsible for encapsulating the data generated by an application, creating the payload for a packet that will be transmitted over a network? (Choose all that apply.) A. Physical B. Data link C. Network D. Transport E. Session F. Presentation G. Application - ANSWER B, C, D. Before the payload data generated by an application can be transmitted over a TCP/ IP network, the system must encapsulate it by applying protocol headers and footers at three layers of the OSI model. The data link layer applies a header and footer to create an Ethernet frame. The network layer applies a header to create an IP datagram. The transport layer applies a TCP or UDP header to create a segment or datagram. The other model layers are involved in the payload transmission process, but they do not encapsulate the payload. What layer of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model is responsible for translating and formatting information? A. Physical B. Data link C. Network D. Transport E. Session F. Presentation G. Application - ANSWER F. The presentation layer implements functions that provide formatting, translation, and presentation of information. No other layers of the OSI model translate and format application data. Which of the following devices typically operates at the network layer of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model? A. Proxy server B. Hub C. Network interface adapter D. Router - ANSWER D. A router connects networks at the network layer of the OSI model. Proxy servers operate at the application layer. Network interface adapters operate at both the data link and the physical layers. Hubs are physical layer devices. Which layer of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model provides an entrance point to the protocol stack for applications? A. Physical B. Data link C. Network D. Transport E. Session F. Presentation G. Application - ANSWER G. The application layer provides an entry point for applications to access the protocol stack and prepare information for transmission across a network. All other layers of the OSI model reside below this layer and rely on this entry point. Which layer of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model is responsible for dialogue control between two communicating end systems? A. Physical B. Data link C. Network D. Transport E. Session F. Presentation G. Application - ANSWER E. The session layer is responsible for creating and maintaining a dialogue between end systems. This dialogue can be a two-way alternate dialogue that requires end systems to take turns transmitting, or it can be a two-way simultaneous dialogue in which either end system can transmit at will. No other layers of the OSI model perform dialogue control between communicating end systems Some switches can perform functions associated with two layers of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model. Which two of the following layers are often associated with network switching? (Choose all that apply.) A. Physical B. Data link C. Network D. Transport E. Session F. Presentation G. Application - ANSWER B, C. The primary function of a switch is to process packets based on their media access control (MAC) addresses, which makes it a data link layer device. However, many switches can also perform routing functions based on IP addresses, which operate at the network layer. At which layer of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model are there TCP/IP protocols than can provide either connectionless or connection-oriented services to applications? A. Physical B. Data link C. Network D. Transport E. Session F. Presentation G. Application - ANSWER D. There are two types of transport layer protocols: connection-oriented and connectionless. Connection-oriented protocols guarantee the delivery of data from source to destination by creating a connection between the sender and the receiver before any data is transmitted. Connectionless protocols do not require a connection between end systems in order to pass data. The physical layer does not use connectionless or connection-oriented protocols; it defines standards for transmitting and receiving information over a network. The data link layer provides physical addressing and final packaging of data for transmission. The network layer is responsible for logical addressing and routing. The session layer is responsible for creating and maintaining a dialogue between end systems. The presentation layer is responsible for the formatting, translation, and presentation of information. The application layer provides an entry point for applications to access the protocol stack and prepare information for transmission across a network. Which of the following layers of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model typically have dedicated physical hardware devices associated with them? (Choose all that apply.) A. Physical B. Data link C. Network D. Transport E. Session F. Presentation G. Application - ANSWER A, B, C. The physical layer of the OSI model is associated with hubs, cables, and network interface adapters. The data link layer is associated with bridges and switches. The network layer is associated with routers. The transport, session, presentation, and application layers are typically not associated with dedicated hardware devices. At which layer of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model is there a protocol that adds both a header and footer to the information that is passed down from an upper layer, thus creating a frame? A. Physical B. Data link C. Network D. Transport E. Session F. Presentation G. Application - ANSWER B. The only layer with a protocol (such as Ethernet) that adds both a header and a footer is the data link layer. The process of adding the headers and footers is known as data encapsulation. All other protocol layers that encapsulate data add just a header. Identify the layer of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model that controls the addressing, transmission, and reception of Ethernet frames, and also identify the media access control method that Ethernet uses. A. Physical layer; Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) B. Physical layer; Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) C. Data link layer; CSMA/CD D. Data link layer; CSMA/CA - ANSWER C. The Ethernet protocol that handles the addressing, transmission, and reception of frames operates at the data link layer. Each frame includes hardware addresses that identify the sending and receiving systems on the local network. Ethernet uses the CSMA/CD media access control method. Physical layer specifications include the transmission of signals in the form of electrical or light pulses to represent binary code, not frames. CSMA/CA is a data link layer media access control method used by wireless LAN protocols, but not Ethernet. At which layer of the OSI model do you find the pr [Show More]

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