Rasmussen MCH Exam 3 Questions And Answers| GRADED A

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Rasmussen MCH Exam 3 Questions And Answers| GRADED A Hospitalization causes many issues - Stress is the Big one. This can be positive and negative Correct Answer: Positive - Child begins to expand... their world when parents are absent. Healthcare providers can see the child adapt. If parents are gone too long........abandonment can set in. **Stress helps them learn how to cope. Negative - Long term stress (not good), however display itself in physical manifestation. What are 3 things children are most afraid of? Correct Answer: -losing control or independence -fear of pain or punishment -fear of bodily harm or change How can we minimize the stress of hospitalization? Correct Answer: Parent rooming in w/ patient, bring an object/toy from home, draw pictures to hang in room, offer choices of watching movie or picking a game, therapeutic play, child life specialist, guided imagery How do we communicate with children? Correct Answer: Children in general - Get to their level physically. Use simple words. Eye contact. Play to demonstrate. Be approachable. DO NOT LIE TO THEM! Communication: Hearing deficit Correct Answer: Sign language, pictures, computerized electronics, eye contact, touch, turn light on. Gain their attention before speaking, face child when speaking, speak slowly and loudly. Communication:Visual deficit Correct Answer: Announce yourself, let them know that you are there. Keep routine in the room the same. Make sure they have their glasses on. Bright lights. Communication: Cognitive issues Correct Answer: Be gentle and kind, very short directives. Praise. Hold boundaries. Separation comfort care Correct Answer: -with favorite items or activity, distraction, parents room in or go with child to procedures. -Child will protest separation due to anxiety, [prep with tours and explanation, use transitional objects] reinforce when they will see parent again. -Despair follows due to grief of separation, detachment due to ongoing anger/coping skills. Alleviate stress and fears: Correct Answer: -explain procedure -distraction -ask parent to stay and participate in care -explain what's going on What is the benefit of play? Correct Answer: ● Allows children to express feelings and fears. ● Facilitates mastery of developmental stages and assists in the development of problem solving abilities. ● Allows children to learn socially acceptable behaviors. ● Activities should be specific to each child's stage of development. ● Can be used to teach children. ● A means of protection from everyday stressors. Solitary play Correct Answer: The child plays alone, without regard for those around him. Characteristic of infants. Onlooker play Correct Answer: The child observes the other children around him as he plays alone; may alter own play activities based on what he sees the others doing or may be content to continue in his play while simply talking with the other children; play activities are different (e.g., one child may be bouncing a ball while another is playing with jacks). Characteristic of toddlers. **RED FLAG for continuing in this phase of play, which is usually indicative of autism Parallel play Correct Answer: Children play independently among other children but they do not yet play together, which is characteristic of toddlers. Associative play Correct Answer: Children playing together without organization, which is characteristic of preschoolers Cooperative play Correct Answer: Organized playing in groups. Children assume designated roles in the games, have goals for the games, and rely on one another for the game to continue and progress. This is characteristic of school-age children and adolescents. Nutrition is: Correct Answer: the single most important factor in the growth and development of children. Are food fads that different children encounter harmful? Correct Answer: -No, and are usually self-limiting. -Adolescents have many different needs for greater caloric intake and more concentrated iron, folic acid, and protein. Toddlers: At risk for? Correct Answer: Physiological anemia -Because of too much calcium in milk impedes iron absorption Physiological anorexia -Toddlers begin developing taste preferences and are generally picky eaters who repeatedly request their favorite foods. Physiologic anorexia occurs, resulting in toddlers becoming fussy eaters because of a decreased appetite. Risks with inadequate nutrition: Correct Answer: • Cardiac and organic failure, electrolytic imbalance, cardiac dysrhythmia, tooth enamel erosion, esophageal damage. Kids are obsessive picky eaters. • Older kids become obsessive and restrictive. • Over-eaters think about meals before all else. • In little kids they can become constipated, unhealthy. • Anemia can be an issue. Food fads are not uncommon and if the child has a daily food intake that is overall balanced, the parent should be comforted and instructed to continue to track the intake. Nutritional needs Correct Answer: -Infant- breast feed up to 1 year, no milk prior -Solid foods - around 6 mo., slowly new food every 3-4 days -Toddlers - picky eaters, physiological anorexia, grazers; no food fads are detrimental unless purposely not eating. -Growth problems if not receiving proper amount of proteins: Ask what they like (if don't like milk find another option for calcium) **Too much milk can cause anemia [Ca impedes iron absorption] Adolescent nutrition requires Correct Answer: Rapid growth and high metabolism require increases in quality nutrients, and make adolescents unable to tolerate caloric restrictions. **During times of rapid growth, additional calcium, iron, protein, folic acid, and zinc are needed. Rate of growth Correct Answer: Greatest growth in infants, and then again in adolescents which puts them at risk for anemia due to menstruation and muscle mass increase. Restraints Correct Answer: Are used for procedures to keep children safe!! *2 common types of restraints- mummy (papoose) and elbow restraints. • Elbow prevents elbow flex - can't reach things to pull/touch. • Mummy (papoose) is swaddling and whole body stabilization. Used for procedures and medication administration. **During a procedure you don't need an order for a restraint. If you want to KEEP THEM ON you need an order. **Restraints 411: Correct Answer: -Must be removed every 2 hours. -Parent teaching and return demonstrations must be validated. -Chemical restraints are sedation. Can be used to reduce anxiety pre-op or post-op **Airway MUST BE MANAGED at all times. Child must be under direct surveillance at all times. Reasons for Restraints Correct Answer: Restraining a child may be a necessary intervention to ensure a child's safety during a procedure or to prevent injury to an operative site. Consents - for invasive procedures Correct Answer: *N [Show More]

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