Criminal Justice in Canada, 8th Edition by Goff Test Bank

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Test Bank for Criminal Justice in Canada, 8th Edition, 8e by Colin Goff TEST BANK ISBN-13: 9780176796044 Full chapters included CHAPTER 1: AN OVERVIEW OF THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM IN CANADA TH... E CANADIAN CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM The Major Components of the Canadian Criminal Justice System WHAT IS CRIME AND HOW IS IT REGULATED IN CANADA? What Is Crime? Social Control THE NORMATIVE FRAMEWORK OF OUR CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM The Adversarial System Substantive and Procedural Justice The Rule of Law THE MAJOR IDEOLOGIES OF CANADA’S CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM What Is Criminal Justice? KEY DECISION POINTS OF THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE PROCESS Pretrial Criminal Procedure Trial Procedure Sentencing Incarceration THE INFORMAL ORGANIZATION OF THE CANADIAN CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM Disparity Discrimination CRITICAL ISSUES IN CANADIAN CRIMINAL JUSTICE: ANTI-TERRORISM LAWS: CRIME CONTROL OR DUE PROCESS? SUMMARY KEY POINTS KEY WORDS CRITICAL THINKING QUESTIONS WEBLINKS COURT CASES SUGGESTED READINGS REFERENCES CHAPTER 2: CRIMINAL LAW AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE IN CANADA THE MAJOR CATEGORIES OF THE CRIMINAL LAW Substantive and Procedural Criminal Law Sexual Assault Legislation CRIMINAL LIABILITY AND THE LEGAL ELEMENTS OF A CRIME Legality Mens Rea Actus Reus Harm Causation Punishment LEGAL DEFENCES AND THE LAW Excuse Defences Justification Defences THE SOURCES OF THE CRIMINAL LAW IN CANADA Written Sources of the Criminal Law THE CANADIAN CHARTER OF RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS The Investigation of Crime and the Charter The Criminal Trial, Punishment, and the Charter Equality, Remedies, and the Fundamental Principles of Justice CLASSIFICATIONS OF CRIMINAL OFFENCES Summary Conviction, Hybrid Offences, and Indictable Offences DUE PROCESS, CRIME CONTROL, AND THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM Criminal Law Reform in Canada: Spanking Criminal Law Reform in Canada: The Safe Streets Act CRITICAL ISSUES IN CANADIAN CRIMINAL JUSTICE: SHOULD HIV NONDISCLOSURE BE DECRIMINALIZED? SUMMARY KEY POINTS KEY WORDS CRITICAL THINKING QUESTIONS WEBLINKS COURT CASES SUGGESTED READINGS REFERENCES CHAPTER 3: CONTROL PHILOSOPHY AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE POLICY THE EXTENT OF AND RESPONSE TO SEXUAL OFFENDING IN CANADA ACHIEVING JUSTICE: CRIME CONTROL PHILOSOPHY AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE POLICY THE JUSTICE MODEL History The Criminal Sanction The Operations of a Justice Model–Based Criminal Justice System DETERRENCE History The Criminal Sanction The Operations of a Deterrence-Based Criminal Justice System SELECTIVE INCAPACITATION History The Criminal Sanction The Operations of a Selective Incapacitation–Based Criminal Justice System THE REHABILITATION APPROACH History The Criminal Sanction The Operations of a Rehabilitation-Based Criminal Justice System INDIGENOUS AND RESTORATIVE JUSTICE SYSTEMS: AN INTRODUCTION INDIGENOUS JUSTICE SYSTEMS Models of Indigenous Justice Systems RESTORATIVE JUSTICE History Restorative Justice Sanctions The Operations of a Restorative Justice–Based Criminal Justice System CRITICAL ISSUES IN CANADIAN CRIMINAL JUSTICE: SHOULD INFORMATION ABOUT SEX OFFENDERS BE MADE PUBLIC? SUMMARY KEY POINTS KEY WORDS CRITICAL THINKING QUESTIONS WEBLINKS COURT CASES SUGGESTED READINGS REFERENCES CHAPTER 4: CRIME RATES, CRIME TRENDS, AND CRIMINAL VICTIMIZATION IN CANADA OFFICIAL CRIME STATISTICS Police-Reported Crime Statistics The Official Crime Reporting System What Victims Say: Victimization Data CRIME IN CANADA The Most Common Police-Reported Crimes Correlates of Crime The Declining Crime Rate CRIMINAL VICTIMIZATION IN CANADA Trends and Patterns of Victimization: The General Social Survey 1988–2014 Victimizations Not Reported to the Police Self-Report Surveys Ethnographic Research TRENDS AND PATTERNS OF SELECTED CRIMES IN CANADA: CRIMES AGAINST THE PERSON Homicide Sexual Assault Assault Forcible Confinement TRENDS AND PATTERNS OF SELECTED CRIMES: CRIMES AGAINST PROPERTY Breaking and Entering Theft Motor Vehicle Theft Other Criminal Code Offences CRITICAL ISSUES IN CANADIAN CRIMINAL JUSTICE: UNFOUNDED SEXUAL ASSAULTS SUMMARY KEY POINTS KEY WORDS CRITICAL THINKING QUESTIONS WEBLINKS COURT CASES SUGGESTED READINGS REFERENCES CHAPTER 5: THE CONTEXT OF POLICING THE EMERGENCE OF POLICING The Principle of Policing by Public Consent The Early Canadian Policing Experience THE RISE OF MUNICIPAL POLICING PLURAL POLICING THE ORGANIZATION OF THE PUBLIC POLICE IN CANADA Diversity within Canadian Police Organizations Women and Policing Indigenous (First Nations) Police Services THE POLICE CULTURE The Police Personality The Working Personality of Police Officers CRITICAL ISSUES IN CANADIAN CRIMINAL JUSTICE: EXPENDING THE ROLE OF DNA DATA BANKS SUMMARY KEY POINTS KEY WORDS CRITICAL THINKING QUESTIONS WEBLINKS COURT CASE SUGGESTED READINGS REFERENCES CHAPTER 6: THE PRACTICE OF POLICING THE PROFESSIONAL MODEL OF POLICING: THE REACTIVE APPROACH CRIMINAL INVESTIGATIONS Preliminary Investigations Follow-Up Investigations CHANGES IN THE PROFESSIONAL MODEL OF POLICING Does Random Preventive Patrol Deter Crime? Does Rapid Response Deter Criminals? Do Reactive Investigations Solve Crimes? Experimenting with Alternative Forms of Police Patrols POLICING IN MODERN SOCIETY: THE EMERGENCE OF PROACTIVE POLICING Hot Spots Patrol The Broken Windows Model Problem-Oriented Policing Community Policing Intelligence-Led Policing Zero Tolerance Policing Predictive Policing CRITICAL ISSUES IN CANADIAN CRIMINAL JUSTICE: INDIVIDUALS WITH MENTAL DISORDERS AND CONTACT WITH THE SUMMARY KEY POINTS KEY WORDS CRITICAL THINKING QUESTIONS WEBLINKS SUGGESTED READINGS REFERENCES CHAPTER 7: THE POLICE AND THE LAW ARRESTS Arrest with a Warrant Arrest without a Warrant SEARCH AND SEIZURE Searches Incident to an Arrest Warrantless Searches in Motor Vehicles The Doctrine of Plain View Warrantless Searches in Exigent Circumstances Consent Searches INTERROGATIONS Jailhouse Interrogations POLICE AND THE USE OF FORCE Deadly Force Used by Police Officers Deadly Force Used against Police Officers Police Misconduct “Problem” Police Officers: Early Warning Systems Police Accountability: The Role of Citizen Oversight CRITICAL ISSUES IN CANADIAN CRIMINAL JUSTICE: RACIAL PROFILING AND THE POLICE: VEHICLE STOPS AND STR SUMMARY KEY POINTS KEY WORDS CRITICAL THINKING QUESTIONS WEBLINKS COURT CASES SUGGESTED READINGS REFERENCES CHAPTER 8: PRETRIAL CRIMINAL PROCEDURE COMPELLING RELEASE AND COMPELLING APPEARANCE Conditional Release Appearance in Court LEGAL AID Funding Legal Aid Types of Legal Aid PROSECUTORIAL SCREENING The Right to Disclosure The Preliminary Inquiry Types of Pleas Plea Bargaining THE RIGHT TO A SPEEDY TRIAL AND ITS IMPACT ON THE CRIMINAL COURTS A Stay of Proceedings THE JURY The Right to a Jury Trial Jury Selection CRITICAL ISSUES IN CANADIAN CRIMINAL JUSTICE: THE RIGHT TO BE TRIED IN A TIMELY MANNER: R. V. JORDAN SUMMARY KEY POINTS KEY WORDS CRITICAL THINKING QUESTIONS WEBLINKS COURT CASES SUGGESTED READINGS REFERENCES CHAPTER 9: THE COURTS AND CRIMINAL TRIAL PROCEDURE MODELS OF THE CRIMINAL COURTS The Due Process Model The Crime Control Model The Bureaucratic Model The Organization of the Canadian Criminal Courts THE COURT SYSTEM The Operation of the Court System The Daily Business of the Courts WHAT LEGAL RIGHTS EXIST IN CRIMINAL TRIALS? The Presumption of Innocence The Right of the Accused to Confront the Accuser The Right to a Public (Open) Trial Publication Bans CRIMINAL TRIAL PROCEDURE The Opening Statement Trial Evidence The Defence Lawyer’s Presentation of Evidence The Closing Arguments The Charge to the Jury Jury Deliberation and the Verdict APPEALS CRITICAL ISSUES IN CANADIAN CRIMINAL JUSTICE: JUDICIAL INDEPENDENCE AND THE MANDATORY VICTIM SURCHAR SUMMARY KEY POINTS KEY WORDS CRITICAL THINKING QUESTIONS WEBLINKS COURT CASES SUGGESTED READINGS REFERENCES CHAPTER 10: SENTENCES AND DISPOSITIONS THE PHILOSOPHICAL RATIONALES OF SENTENCING Deterrence Selective Incapacitation Rehabilitation The Justice Model Healing Restoration SENTENCING IN CANADA Sentencing Patterns in Canada Sentencing Law in Canada HOW DO JUDGES DECIDE ON A SENTENCE? Sentencing Circles MISCARRIAGES OF JUSTICE: WRONGFUL CONVICTIONS Eyewitness Error Forensic Errors Police and Prosecutorial Misconduct SENTENCING REFORMS Mandatory Minimum Sentences in Canada VICTIM PARTICIPATION IN SENTENCING CRITICAL ISSUES IN CANADIAN CRIMINAL JUSTICE: MANDATORY MINIMUM SENTENCING LAWS FOR FIREARMS-RELATED SUMMARY KEY POINTS KEY WORDS CRITICAL THINKING QUESTIONS WEBLINKS COURT CASES SUGGESTED READINGS REFERENCES CHAPTER 11: OFFENDERS SUPERVISED IN THE COMMUNITY: ALTERNATIVE SANCTIONS AND CONDITIONAL RELEASE PRO COMMUNITY RELEASE UNDER ATTACK “Nothing Works” PROBATION The Use of Probation as a Sanction Who Is Eligible for Probation? THE CONDITIONAL SENTENCE OF IMPRISONMENT The Impact of Conditional Sentences INTERMEDIATE SANCTIONS Intensive Supervision Probation Home Confinement and Electronic Monitoring Fines The Impact of Intermediate Sanctions CONDITIONAL RELEASE PROGRAMS The Effectiveness of Conditional Release Programs Recidivism Rates of Conditional Release Programs PROBLEM-SOLVING COURTS CRITICAL ISSUES IN CANADIAN CRIMINAL JUSTICE: COMMUNITY JUSTICE SUMMARY KEY POINTS KEY WORDS CRITICAL THINKING QUESTIONS WEBLINKS COURT CASE SUGGESTED READINGS REFERENCES CHAPTER 12: CORRECTIONS IN CANADA: HISTORY, FACILITIES, AND POPULATIONS THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MODERN PRISON European Antecedents to the Modern Prison A Brief History of Federal Correctional Facilities in Canada A Brief History of Federal Correctional Facilities for Women A Brief History of Federal Correctional Facilities for Indigenous People THE ROLE OF CORRECTIONAL FACILITIES IN CANADA Securing Inmates Housing and Supervising Inmates PRISON POPULATIONS IN CANADA Women Inmates Indigenous Inmates Black Inmates THE PRISON ENVIRONMENT Prison Life Inmate Society Prison Violence Suicide in Prison Gangs in Prison RULE OF LAW IN PRISON: PRISONERS’ RIGHTS, DUE PROCESS, AND DISCIPLINE The Duty to Act Fairly CRITICAL ISSUES IN CANADIAN CRIMINAL JUSTICE: THE ISSUE OF SOLITARY CONFINEMENT (ADMINISTRATIVE SEGR SUMMARY KEY POINTS KEY WORDS CRITICAL THINKING QUESTIONS WEBLINKS COURT CASES SUGGESTED READINGS REFERENCES CHAPTER 13: COMMUNITY REINTEGRATION REINTEGRATION APPROACH The Theory of Risk Assessment The Case Management Process The Integrated Correctional Program Model THE PAROLE BOARD OF CANADA Risk of Recidivism Risk Assessment REENTRY INTO SOCIETY AND DESISTANCE FROM CRIME Gender and Reentry into Society Race and Reentry into Society CORRECTIONS: THE OLDER INMATE THE “FAINT HOPE” CLAUSE CRITICAL ISSUES IN CANADIAN CRIMINAL JUSTICE: CORRECTIONAL TREATMENT: “WHAT WORKS” AND GENDER-RE [Show More]

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