Psychopharmacology- Drugs, the Brain, and Behavior: Chapter 1 Questions And Answers 2022

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absorption - Answer- Movement of a drug from the site of administration to the circulatory system. acute tolerance - Answer- Rapid tolerance formed during a single administration of a drug, as is... the case with alcohol. additive effects - Answer- Drug interactions characterized by the collective sum of the two individual drug effects. affinity - Answer- Attraction between a molecule and a receptor. area postrema - Answer- Area in the medulla of the brain stem that is not isolated from chemicals in the blood. It is responsible for inducing a vomiting response when a toxic substance is present in the blood. astrocytes - Answer- Star-shaped cells of the nerve tissue that have numerous extensions and that modulate the chemical environment around neurons, metabolically assist neurons, and provide phagocytosis for cellular debris. behavioral tolerance - Answer- The reduced effectiveness of a drug administered chronically that involves learning: either instumental or classical conditioning. bioavailability - Answer- Concentration of drug present in the blood that is free to bind to specific target sites. biotransformation - Answer- Inactivation of a drug through a chemical change, usually by metabolic processes in the liver. cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) - Answer- Fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord, providing cushioning that protects against trauma. classical conditioning - Answer- Repeated pairing of a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus. Eventually the neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus and elicits a (conditioned) response that is similar to the original unconditioned response. competitive antagonist - Answer- Drug that binds to a receptor but has little or no efficacy. When it competes with an agonist for receptor sites, it reduces the effect of the agonist. concentration gradient - Answer- Difference in the amount or concentration of a substance on each side of a biological barrier, such as the cell membrane. cross-tolerance - Answer- Tolerance to a specific drug can reduce the effectiveness of a another drug in the same class....... [Show More]

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