CHAPTER 03: UNDERSTADNING AND INVOLVING THE COMMUNITY. All Answers

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1. What is the system operating in most states that removes juvenile status offenders and delinquents from the jurisdiction of the courts when possible? a. Plea Bargaining b. Charge Bargaining... c. Diversion d. Parole 2. What city, in 1985, hosted its first citizen police academy? a. Washington, DC b. Los Angeles, California c. Minneapolis, Minnesota d. Orlando, Florida 3. According to the text, public peace is established by a. the U.S. Constitution and Bill. b. federal and state statutes. c. the social contract of rights. d. All of the above 4. The social contract a. means that, in a free society, people can do exactly as they please. b. has been weakened by increased mobility and economic factors. c. is dependent upon the government to support. d. is a redistribution of accountability and authority. 5. The social contract a. provides that each person must give up some freedom. b. provides that, in a free society, people can do everything they want without restriction. c. has been weakened by increased mobility and economic factors. d. Both b and c 6. Community, as defined by the text, a. applies only to neighborhoods where people know each other by name. b. develops only after crime is totally eradicated from that specific neighborhood. c. applies to a specific area and the individuals, organizations, and agencies in that area. d. All of the above 7. Coleman saw the two most important elements in social capital as being a. commitment and collaboration. b. safety and security. c. enforcement and control. d. trustworthiness and obligations. 8. The broken windows phenomenon signifies a. that people don’t care about the neighborhood. b. an impending crime wave. c. an ineffective police force. d. All of the above 9. A neighborhood that objects to the placement of a homeless shelter within it provides an example of a. diversion. b. plea bargaining. c. NIMBY. d. diffusion. 10. If police expect to maintain order, they must maintain effective interactions with all of the following community organizations and institutions except a. schools in the community b. the Department of Human Services c. health care providers d. defense attorneys 11. A sense of community can be undermined by a. increased violent crime. b. clashes between community groups. c. severe social disorganization. d. All of the above 12. Operating within each community is a power structure that can enhance or endanger a. political groups. b. neighborhood watch groups. c. ethnic groups. d. police–community relations. 13. According to the text, plea bargaining, diversion, community alternatives to prison, capital punishment, and victim’s rights are a. controversial issues in the criminal justice system that affect police–community partnerships. b. issues within a police officer’s appropriate sphere of action. c. proven methods of eliminating crime. d. sustainable communities. 14. The system that tries to keep juvenile status offenders and delinquents from the court’s jurisdiction is called a. bifurcation. b. rehabilitation. c. diversion. d. plea bargaining. 15. Teens, Crime, and the Community is a program that believes smarter youth make a. stronger families. b. harder workers. c. less juvenile recidivism. d. safer communities. 16. According to the text, the importance of ___________ to all citizens is a central theme in the discussion of community. a. corporate rights b. special rights c. individual rights d. community rights 17. When people do not care about their community, one of the signs of not caring would be a. potholes. b. empty houses. c. broken windows. d. high traffic counts. 18. Displacement a. often occurs in a community “soft” on crime. b. applies to criminal activity that has moved to a new location due to increased police presence. c. is linked to factors such as availability of jobs and level of education. d. All of the above 19. The point at which an ordinary, stable phenomenon can turn into a crisis is referred to as a. flight point. b. tipping point. c. ethnic instability. d. turf war. 20. A community’s informal power structure includes all of the following except: a. Regulatory agencies b. Ethnic groups c. Political groups d. Religious assemblies 21. Which of the following is an example cited by the text of how the security industry can assist law enforcement? a. Serve civil documents b. Respond to burglar alarms c. Assist with traffic control d. Monitor community watch programs 22. What term that describes a population’s size, distribution, growth, density, employment rate, ethnic makeup, and vital statistics such as average age, education, and income? a. Demographics b. Belonging c. Cohesiveness d. Community 23. The face of America is changing rapidly; in the next few years, a. the elderly population will decrease. b. white dominance will end, and minorities will increase. c. the number of immigrants will decrease. d. All of the above 24. According to the text, civilian oversight is a. a recent development in American policing, having first been used in the 1970s. b. becoming more prevalent. c. not accepted by police agencies. d. All of the above 25. According to the text, police opposition to civilian review boards occurs because a. civilians can’t understand the complexities of police work. b. police are able to objectively review actions of their colleagues. c. it is a sign of distrust by the public to be reviewed by an outside source. d. police discipline is handled internally. 26. Who shares the same goals as law enforcement? a. Citizens b. Government c. Private security d. All of the above 27. According to Coleman, the two most important elements in social capital are a. honesty and integrity. b. crime and punishment. c. trustworthiness and obligations. d. public and private enforcement. 28. The ABP was formed as a mechanism to help a. combat street-level drug dealing in middle-class neighborhoods. b. guard entrances to buildings and ask visitors to sign in. c. patrol the U.S. borders, finding and detaining illegal immigrants. d. walk the streets to deter prostitution. 29. The _________ includes divisions of society with wealth and political influence such as federal, state, and local agencies and governments; commissions; and regulatory agencies. a. criminal justice system b. informal power structure c. formal power structure d. None of the above 30. VIPS stands for a. very important person security. b. volunteers in police service. c. volunteers in public service. d. None of the above 31. A community’s strength and resilience of its social fabric is called a. demographics b. power base c. structure d. social capital 32. What percentage of cases are estimated to be disposed through plea and charge bargaining? a. 90% to 95% b. 80% to 90% c. 50% to 55% d. 75% to 85% 33. According to the text, most communities are a. ghetto. b. homogeneous. c. heterogeneous. d. suburban. 34. A group of signs, causes, and symptoms that occur together to foster specific crimes is called a. broken windows phenomena. b. incivilities. c. NINBY. d. syndrome of crime. 35. According to the text, citizens’ police academies are designed to familiarize citizens with law enforcement. a. True b. False 36. In Zimbardo’s “broken windows” experiment, the car parked on an upscale street was left alone until it was towed away. a. True b. False 37. Government policies can destroy social capital. a. True b. False 38. Some citizen review boards require police officials to sit on them as members, which may result in the perception of impartiality. a. True b. False 39. A group of signs, causes, and symptoms that occur together to foster specific crimes is called the NIMBY syndrome. a. True b. False 40. If the community is unresponsive, community policing cannot succeed, no matter how hard the police work. a. True b. False 41. Citizens who demand to be involved in the review process maintain that internal police discipline is tantamount to allowing the “fox to investigate thefts in the chicken coop.” a. True b. False 42. Local police are usually happy to have the Guardian Angels in their community because they have a calming effect on the areas they patrol. a. True b. False 43. Demographics is not important to law enforcement. a. True b. False 44. A good relationship between private and public policing is important. a. True b. False 45. Citizen police academies train citizens to be police officers when the police are not available. a. True b. False 46. According to the text, the “civic” generation born in the first third of the 20th century is being replaced by baby boomers and Generation X-ers who have been characterized as being much more civic-minded. a. True b. False 47. Networks that link individuals to various levels of government, including the police, would be considered local social capital. a. True b. False 48. Increases in incivilities may increase the fear of crime and reduce citizens’ sense of safety. a. True b. False 49. Ghettos are the focus of many anticrime efforts, which is perceived as a bias on the part of law enforcement. a. True b. False 50. Most communities have only a formal power structure. a. True b. False 51. Citizen patrols are a twentieth-century phenomenon. a. True b. False 52. Improving the image of the police and increasing the public’s willingness to cooperate is a positive outcome of citizen police academies. a. True b. False 53. A theory called “the ecology of crime” remembers how criminal opportunities are created in neighborhoods. a. True b. False 54. According to the text, law enforcement frequently works with the Guardian Angels to help protect citizens from criminal activity. a. True b. False 55. The “_________________” is the point at which an ordinary, stable phenomenon can turn into a crisis. 56. A _________________ is an area of a city usually inhabited by individuals of the same race or ethnic background who live in poverty and, to outsiders, apparent social disorganization. 57. NIMBY stands for _________________. 58. When prosecutors charge a defendant with a lesser charge in exchange for a guilty plea, it is called _________________. 59. Cracking down on crime often results in _________________, the relocation of crime and criminals to neighboring areas outside the enforcement zone. 60. According to the text, community refers to a _____________________ served by a police department or law enforcement agency and the individuals, organizations, and agencies within that area. 61. The widening of the gap between those with wealth (the “haves”) and those living in poverty (the “have-nots”), with a shrinking middle class, is known as a _________________ 62. According to the text, The Office of Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS) is committed to promoting law enforcement - _________________ partnerships. 63. The _________________ includes divisions of society with wealth and political influence such as federal, state, and local agencies and governments, commissions, and regulatory agencies. 64. According to the text, _________________ along with the police plays a major role in safeguarding Americans and their property. 65. The _________________ provides that for everyone to receive justice, each person must relinquish some freedom. 66. The ______________ suggests that if it appears “no one cares,” disorder and crime will thrive. 67. _________________ is a system that removes juvenile status offenders and delinquents from the jurisdiction of the courts. 68. Incivilities and social disorder occur when _________________ have eroded. [Show More]

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