PHARMACOLOGY DRUGS for ATI test, ATI LPN Pharmacology Proctored Exam Review

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Receptors - ANS-Norepinephrine-Adrenergic (adrenergic comes from the word adrenalin) Alpha 1-all sympathetic target organs except the heart-constrict the blood vessels and dilation of pupils Alpha 2... -Presynaptic adrenergic nerve terminal-inhibits the release of norepinephrine Beta 1-Heart and Kidneys (BETA 1-ONE HEART)-increased heart rate and force of contraction, release of renin Beta 2-All sympathetic target organs-inhibits smooth muscle (BETA 2-TWO LUNGS) Beta blockers/olol's - ANS-Beta-Adrenergic Blockers Metoprolol/Lopressor ENDING OLOL Beta Blockers are use with heart failure, hypertension, angina and with myocardial infarctions. Action = Blocks Beta-Receptors in the heart causing... Decreases = HR, force of contraction, Rate of atrioventricular (AV) conduction SE = Bradycardia, lethargy, GI disturbance, congestive heart failure, decrease BP, depression The beta blockers stop sympathetic nervous system stimulation of the heart. Does not allow the heart rate and blood pressure to rise with stress thus lowering the oxygen demand of the heart. It is very heart protective! Will slow the heart rate and lower the blood pressure Can have beta 2 blockage with larger doses-will constrict the bronchioles-watch for clients with known COPD, Asthma Nursing Interventions Check pulse-needs to be 60 or above Check blood pressure-if hypotensive do not give (Systolic below 100 is a good rule of thumb I go by) Monitor for sexual dysfunction-impotence for men-a good reason for non-compliance Drowsiness/Fatigue-operating heavy machinery, driving could put client at risk InsomniaContraindicated with Heart Blocks, Bradycardia, Worsening Heart Failure Increases Hypoglycemic effect of Insulin-monitor blood sugars and for hypoglycemia, may need to lower insulin dosage Beta Blockers have to be weaned slowly to prevent rebound hypertension and tachycardia-if a client wants to stop his beta-blocker they need to contract their physician CCB,/calcium channel blockers - ANS-Nifedipine/Adalat/Procardia/Norvasc-controls blood vessels Diltiazem/Cardizem Verapamil/Calan/Isoptin/Verelan-controls heart rate and blood vessels Angina/Raynaud's/Vasospastic Angina/Atrial Arrhythmia's continues... [Show More]

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