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CLA Quiz Questions and Answers Latest Skinner - Correct Answerbehavourism - learn from experience and feedback. keeps happening until automatic Chomsky - Correct Answera baby is born with universa... l grammar, hears examples of native language, helps it to make hypotheses about incoming language. LAD Piaget - Correct Answercognitivist, development of thinking. PIES. a child must understand concepts before they can use language to describe it Bruner - Correct Answerlanguage is transactional in society, children learn language because it is necessary to get things done. LASS. Parental support system assists language through gaining attention, query, label and feedack Lenneburg - Correct AnswerCritical theory hypothesis, expands on Chomsky. If language is not learned before puberty, language will not develop/very difficult/not successful. Brain is malleable until then. Vygotsky - Correct Answerscaffolding. children learn through observation, participation and interpretation which develops their semiotics. listening and talking to themselves (private and public speech) are important for development. Pinker - Correct Answerevolution theorist, human brain has evolved to allow us to learn language. capacity for language rules and representation Berko-Gleason - Correct AnswerWug test showed that they learn by hearing patterns rather then imitating others - must have implicit knowledge of basic morphological modifications such as -ed endings Piaget's Sensorimotor stage - Correct Answerbirth to 2 year old. The infant builds an understanding of himself or herself and reality. Able to differentiate between itself and other objects. Learning takes place via assimilation and accommodation. Piaget's Preoperational Stage - Correct Answer2-7 years. Is not yet able to conceptualize abstractly and needs concrete physical situations. Objects are classified in simple ways, especially by important features. Piaget's Concrete Operations Stage - Correct Answer7-11 years. As physical experience accumulates, accomodation is increased. The child begins to think abstractly and conceptualize, creating logical structures that explain his or her physical experiences. Piaget's Formal Operations Stage - Correct Answer11-15 years. The person no longer requires concrete objects to make rational judgements. He or she is capable of deductive and hypothetical reasoning. His or her ability for abstract thinking is very similar to an adult. Crystal Stage 1 - Correct AnswerChildren say things for three purposes: To get something they want, to get someone's attention, to draw attention to something Crystal Stage 2 - Correct AnswerChildren usually ask questions, "where" questions come first. Crystal Stage 3 - Correct AnswerChildren would be asking lots of different questions but often signalling that they are questions with intonation alone. Crystal Stage 4 - Correct AnswerChildren use increasingly complex sentence structures. Crystal Stage 5 - Correct AnswerChildren use language to do all the things that they need it for-give information, ask and answer questions, request directly and indirectly, suggest, offer, state and express. Halliday's language functions - Correct AnswerInstrumental, regulatory, interactional, personal, informative, heuristic, imaginative Dore's infant language functions - Correct AnswerLabelling, repeating, answering, requesting action, calling, greeting, protesting, practising Holophrastic stage - Correct AnswerOne word utterances Two word stage - Correct AnswerTwo word utterances Telegraphic stage - Correct AnswerSub Verb Obj. / sub verb adjective. May miss out prepositions or determiners Post-telegraphic stage - Correct AnswerCorrect sentences that may miss some forms Task orientated language - Correct AnswerRelated to doing something Socially orientated language - Correct AnswerRelated to conversation/phatic talk Message orientated language - Correct AnswerRelated to the underlying meaning Linguistic relativity - Correct AnswerLanguage is influenced by environment CDS - Correct AnswerChild directed speech Addition - Correct Answerinvolves the addition of an extra vowel sound to the end Assimilation - Correct AnswerA phoneme changes due to surrounding phonemes Substitution - Correct AnswerOne sound is swapped for another, easier ones like "p" or "d" are put in place instead of harder ones like "f" or "th" Reduplication - Correct AnswerRepeating whole syllables such as choo choo Deletion - Correct AnswerPhonemes are deleted to simplify words Fricatives - Correct AnswerRelease air such as s f th and v. Difficult for children to say Plosives - Correct AnswerDont release air such as p t b and d Place of articulation - Correct AnswerPlace in mouth where sound originates Manner of articulation - Correct Answerthe way the airstream is affected as it flows from from the lungs and out the nose and mouth. Sound iconicity - Correct AnswerUsing sound patterns to create effects rising intonation - Correct AnswerUsed to make a statement into a question Features of CDS - Correct AnswerRepetition, higher pitch, present tense, short sentences, basic verbs, concrete nouns, expansions/recasts, yes no questioning, exaggerated pauses communicative competence - Correct Answercoined by Del Hymes, the skills associated with conversation like how and when to speak diphthong - Correct Answera two part vowel sound babbling - Correct Answerlong strings of babbled jargon sounds that sound like normal conversation inflections - Correct Answerparts of words (morphological markers) that show some grammatical function such as -ed/ -s innate - Correct Answerpresent from birth linguistic competence - Correct Answerchomskys term for a person's underlying knowledge of linguistic rules over-extension - Correct Answera word is given a broader more generalised meaning than it should have over-regularisation - Correct Answerapplying regular verb tenses to irregular verbs e.g. he runned or using regular plural e.g. mouses phonemic expansion - Correct Answerthe number of different sounds that the child can produce increases under-extension - Correct Answera word is given a narrower meaning than it should have [Show More]

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