CALP Exam|154 Questions and Answers,100% CORRECT

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CALP Exam|154 Questions and Answers tilde - Correct Answerswaving line placed over a vower before "r" in a combination to indicate unaccented syllable ~ syntax - Correct Answersarrangement and s... equence of words in sentences, clauses, and phrases; set of principles that dictate sequence and function in order to convey meaning ( G.U.M.) voiced/unvoiced cognates - Correct Answersphonemes pronounce din the same place of the mouth but vary in voicing /k/ /g/ phonology - Correct Answerssound system of a language; science of speech sounds;the study of peach sound system, rules and patterns of speech; unconscious rules and patterns of spoken language (sad vs sank) suprasegmental - Correct Answersaspects of language ( intonations, pitch, juncture, speaking rate) supersize occipital cortex - Correct Answersvision; receives information first Old English - Correct AnswersBegan when Angles, Saxons, Jutes arrived in England. Language of Vikings; Old Norse and Latin also influenced; Teutonic invasion; Christianizing of Britain; 449 AD-1066; decline of Old English as result of Norman Conquest phonological awareness - Correct Answersan umbrella term used to refer to a student's sensitivity to sound structure in language; understanding of internal linguistic structures of words; awareness of onset-rime and individual phonemes naming speed - Correct Answersa speed naming task; administered to pre-readers phoneme - Correct Answerssmallest unit of sound in speech /s/ /a/ /d/; individual sound unit in spoken words prosody - Correct Answersvocal intonation and meter of spoken language;readers sound as if they are speaking;significant to communicate and comprehend emotions and attitudes Torgensen, Lundber, and Foorman - Correct Answersphonological awareness is a critical factor in dyslexia macron - Correct Answersdiacritical line over long vowel sound breve - Correct Answersdiacritical mark over short vowel sound cedilla - Correct Answersdiacritical mark under C indicting soft sound base word - Correct Answersword before affixes added/can stand alone Grace Fernald - Correct AnswersKinesthetic method influenced Orton; he suggested kinesthetic-tactile reinforcement of visual and auditory associations could reverse transposition of letters 3 layers of language - Correct AnswersAnglo-Saxon; Latin; Greek Anglo-Saxon Layer - Correct Answersstresses everyday life; common words; usually 1 syllable Latin Layer - Correct Answersused in more formal settings; often found in lit, science in upper elem texts etc; longer than A-S Greek Layer - Correct Answersscientific; roots often combine forms and compounds bound morpheme - Correct Answersmust be attached to other morphemes ( -ed, pre-) chameleon prefix - Correct Answersprefix whose final consonant depends on the initial letter of a root (in- changes to -ir) Clue: when you see double consonants at beginning of word cloze procedure - Correct Answers"fill in the blank" reading curriculum-referenced test - Correct AnswersItems taken from curriculum - not tested on material not taught. Good match between assessment and instruction. Can be informal or formal. diagnostic evaluation - Correct AnswersUsed to identify the nature and source of an individual's educational, psychological, or medical difficulties/disabilities in order to facilitate remediation discovery method - Correct AnswersSocratic method; presentation of new material can be deduced by students dysarthria - Correct Answersnervous system disorder which hinders control over tongue, throat etc ( slurred speech) grade equivalent - Correct Answersnot dependable representation;describes performance of an average student at grade level profile - Correct Answersa graphic compilation of the performance of an individual on a series of assessments raw score - Correct Answersscores expressed in original form - no statistical treatment standard score - Correct Answersa way of describing in STANDARD deviation units a RAW score's distance from its distribution means standard deviation - Correct Answersstatistical measure of the degree of dispersion of score measures - more wide the distribution, the greater the standard deviation affix - Correct Answersa letter/group of letters attached to the beginning or end of a base word that creates a derivative different than the original base or root alexia - Correct Answersloss of ability to read, usually because of brain injury alphabetic principle - Correct Answersthe understanding that letters represent speech sounds - letters are meaningless sound-symbol association - Correct Answersknowledge of various sounds in English and their correspondence to letter or letters that represent those sounds Reid Lyon - Correct AnswersNat'l reading Panel; Components of Reading Instruction Components of Reading Instruction - Correct AnswersPhonology, phonics, fluency, vocab, comprehension Dr. Samuel Orton - Correct AnswersFather of dyslexia; strephosymbolia; separated disabled readers from other groups ( retardation, brain damage, etc);influenced by Hinshelwood and Alzheimer Dr. Rudolf Berlin - Correct Answersophthalmologist; introduced the term 'dyslexia' synthetic phonics - Correct Answersteaches individual parts to form whole words; ...synthesize... Anna Gillingham - Correct Answerspsychologist and teacher; Columbia; worked with Sally Childs and trained teachers; developed a non-traditional approach to teaching reading synthetic instruction - Correct Answerspresents the parts of the language and then teaches how the parts work together to make a whole; part of MSLE dyslexia instruction - Correct Answersexplicit, systematic, cumulative, structured and multisensory IDEA Amendments 1997 - Correct AnswersFAPE - free and appropriate public education Interactive Components of Language - Correct AnswersForm ( phonology, morphology); Syntax (orthography); Content ( semantics); Use (pragmatics) Alvin and Isabelle Lieberman - Correct Answers1971; alphabetic principle and its relationship to phonological awareness in reading; deficits in Phono. Processing underlie most reading disabilities Kenneth and Yetta Goodman - Correct Answerswhole language; DEAR; evaluation thru miscues Ken Goodman and Kenneth Smith - Correct Answerskey names in whole language Frank Smith - Correct Answersfounder of whole language concept Denckla and Rundel - Correct Answersdyslexic students have trouble with rapid naming Wolfe and Bowers - Correct Answerscoined 'double deficit' = both phonological processing and rapid naming ; 1986 morpheme - Correct Answerssmallest meaningful LINGUISTIC unit; can be word or affix morphology - Correct Answersthe study of how morphemes are combined into words multisensory - Correct Answersany learning activity that includes 2 or more sensory modules to receive or express information encode - Correct Answersspell formative evaluation - Correct Answersongoing assessment free morpheme - Correct Answerscan stand alone as a word graphic organizers - Correct Answersvisual displays of information to help study ( outlines, story wheels, etc. informal testing - Correct Answersstructured but not standardized; presentation can be modified to probe responses unlike standardized tests nasal - Correct Answerssound produced when air is blocked in oral cavity and escapes thru nose ( m, n, ng) orthography - Correct Answersthe writing system of a language; correct or standardized spelling phonological memory - Correct Answersholding info about sounds/words in memory phonological processing - Correct Answersan umbrella term for oral language processing abilities related to SOUNDS ( phon. memory, phon. awareness, naming speed) repeated readings - Correct Answersmethod to increase fluency sound/symbol correspondence - Correct Answersmatching the sound a letter makes to its orthographic representation of that sound /t/ = T invented spelling - Correct Answerstemporary; encouraged in young students to develop sound/symbol knowledge instant/rapid word recognition - Correct Answersautomaticity in word recognition; permits energy to be focus don comprehension screening - Correct Answersgives info about a student's knowledge and skill semantics - Correct Answersaspect of language concerned with meaning. sibilant - Correct Answershissing sound ( s, x, z, etc) Isabelle Lieberman - Correct Answersdeficits are from phonological processing or awareness Keith Stanovich - Correct Answers1986 Matthew Effect; deficit in phon. processing NOT visual processing 1991; phonological core deficit Top -Down Approach - Correct Answerswhole language; processing of text begins in the mind of readers - meaning brought to print not DERIVED from print Bottom-Up Approach - Correct Answersproceeds from part to whole; reading driven by text; Flesh, Gough, La Berge, Samuels Flesh, Gough, La Berge, Samuels - Correct Answersnames associated with Bottom-up approach method analytic phonics - Correct Answerspresent the whole and teaches how to break down automaticity - Correct Answersability to respond or react without conscious effort; reading without difficulty decoding syllable - Correct Answersmust have vowel sound; unit of sound made by one impulse of voice strephosymbolia - Correct AnswersOrton's Term; "twisted symbol" structural analysis - Correct Answersthe strategy of looking for affixes, syllables etc. to decode a word summative evaluation - Correct Answersgiven at end of unit, semester, year apraxia - Correct Answersprevents complex muscle movements, caused by brain damage ( inability to speak clearly) auditory memory - Correct Answersthe ability to remember SOUNDS in sequence - affects spelling, ability to follow oral directions. circumflex - Correct Answerscode mark over vowels to indicated unusual pronunciation ^ decoding - Correct Answersapplying knowledge of letter-sound relationships in order to sound out a word derivational ending/suffix - Correct Answersmorpheme added to end of base word to change meaning or part of speech (-s, -ness) diacritical marking - Correct Answersmarks that indicate how a sound is produced; like in a dictionary dieresis - Correct Answers2 dots over A to indicate short O sound ( father, squash); di=2, 2 dots dyspraxia - Correct Answerssensorimotor disruption; motor signals to muscles ( as for speech) are not easily received etymology - Correct Answersorigin and history of a word fluency - Correct Answerstranslating print to speech ( oral reading) at an appropriate rate which allows reader to comprehend text graphophonemic knowledge - Correct Answersrecognition of the alphbet and the understanding of sound/symbol relationships and spelling patterns inflectional ending/suffix - Correct Answersletters that combine with base word to express tense, #, mood, or person. ( -s, -ing, -ed) metacognition - Correct Answersdeliberate rearrangement or modal transfer of info; awareness of one's own thinking strategies and how they work; being consciously engaged in one's own learning Dr. Pringle Morgan - Correct Answers1896; Congenital Word Blindness;inability to read despite no apparent injury or illness cognition - Correct Answersability to think, reason, and solve problems; measured by IQ test; generalize form past experience and use that knowledge to respond to new situations comprehension - Correct Answersmaking sense of what is read;dependent on achievement test - Correct Answersstandardized test designed to efficiently measure the amount of knowledge and/or skill a person has acquired used as a measurement to evaluate student learning in comparison with a norm age equivalent - Correct Answersscore calculated based on the age an average person would score within the testing population ALTA - Correct AnswersAcademic Language Therapy Association Chall's Stage 0 - Correct AnswersPre-reading; Oral language development Chall's Stage 1 - Correct AnswersInitial reading; letters represent sounds/SS Relationship Chall's Stage 2 - Correct AnswersConfirmation and Fluency-decoding skills, fluency etc Chall's Stage 3 - Correct AnswersReading for Learning "the new" - expand vocab, build backgrounds, expand strategies Chall's Stage 4 - Correct AnswersMultiple viewpoints - analyze text critically Chall's Stage 5 - Correct AnswersConstruction and reconstruction - construct understanding based on analysis and synthesis CTOPP - Correct AnswersComprehensive Tesos of Phonologically Processing. Screening test dipthongs - Correct Answers2 vowels standing adjacent in the same syllable whose sounds make on syllable - oi, oy, ou(out), and ow (cow) expressive language - Correct Answersthe ability to organize thoughts and express them verbally to others GORT - Correct AnswersGray Oral Reading Test; growth in oral reading, aid in diagnosing reading difficulties Great Vowel Shift - Correct AnswersEngland 1350-1500 responsible for many peculiarities of English. Otto Jespersen. Language Experience - Correct AnswersWhole Language; uses child's oral language for spelling and reading Letter naming chart - Correct Answersscreening test, elementary only linguistic method - Correct Answerssupported by qualitative research only; teaches whole words; not explicit Middle English - Correct AnswersEdward III; English again official language; Canterbury Tales; English borrows form latin and Greek; Anglo-French compounds appear ( gentleman, faithful) Modern English - Correct AnswersShakespeare; Johnson - 1st English dictionary; Webster and Oxford MSL - Correct Answersmultisensory structured language another name for multisensory approach - Correct AnswersVKAT NICHD - Correct AnswersNat'l Institute of Child Health and Human Development Norman Conquest - Correct Answersremoved the ruling class; brought about a transformation of English progress monitoring - Correct Answersa quick probe done frequently in order to make timely instructional changes receptive language - Correct Answerslistening to, remembering and understanding what others say Rehab Act of 1973/504 - Correct AnswersFederal law; non-discrimination on basis of handicap; civil rights law; does not provide funding RTI - Correct AnswersResponse to Intervention - tiered appraoch to providing services and interventions 6 types of syllables - Correct Answersclosed, open, v-e, r controlled, vowel team, final stable syllable TOWRE - Correct AnswersTest of Word Reading Efficiency screening; measures ability to pronounced printed words accurately and fluently visual processing - Correct Answersthe ability to recognize and interpret information taken in by the eyes WIAT II - Correct AnswersWäscher Individual Achievement Test; identifies academic strengths and weaknesses WRAT - Correct AnswersWide range achievement test Parieto-temporal - Correct Answersreceives info 1st - breaks words into parts Angular Gyrus - Correct AnswersRecieves info 2nd - breaks into phonemes Brocca's Area - Correct AnswersReceives info 4th - responsible for reading and speech Brocca's Area/inferior frontal gyrus - Correct Answersarticulation, word analysis. Receives info 3rd. why dyslexics subvocalize - overly rely on this area to read Occipito Temporal - Correct Answersreceives info 2nd - where automaticity happens phonemic awareness - Correct Answersthe ability to identify, distinguish and manipulate individual sounds and/or syllables phonetics - Correct Answersthe study of speech sounds. THINK: 44 speech sounds. Teachers need to provide a correct model for students phonics - Correct AnswersINSTRUCTIONAL METHOD that teaches the use of written symbols to represent speech sounds for racing and spelling; taught explicitly, systematic, sequenced; how to blend medial - Correct Answersanything between 1st and last blending - Correct Answerscombining spoken morphemes to form syllables and words bound morpheme - Correct Answersmust be attached to other morphemes ( -er, -s) Wernike's area - Correct Answersreceives information 3rd; responsible for understanding the language, subvocalizing when is a vr not a vr? - Correct Answerswhen it is followed by a vowel ( very, arid) Word Deafness, 1937 - Correct AnswersOrton and Dozier Pre English - Correct AnswersCelts conquered by Caesar; Teutonic tribes, Anglo-saxon layer of language Anglo-Saxon - Correct AnswersOld English, between 5-12 century( England and SE Scotland grapheme - Correct Answersletter or group of letters used to spell a phoneme or single speech sound ( -igh, /i/) graph=write=spell Systematic and Cumulative Instruction - Correct AnswersMSLE - must follow logical order of language; begin with easy and progress to more difficult material Universal Screening - Correct Answersstep taken to determine who is at risk for not meeting grade standards. cognitive assessment - Correct Answersgathering test scores and data to make a judgement about an individuals ability to perform mental activities ( IQ tests) composite score - Correct Answerscombines several scores according to a specified formula derived score - Correct Answerswhen raw scores are converted by numerical transformation( raw scores to percentile ranks or standard scores percentage - Correct Answersincludes scores in a specified distribution that fall below the point at which a given score lies. 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