NR 222 Exam Review One (Nursing, Ethics, Health Promotion, SMART GOALS),100% CORRECT

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NR 222 Exam Review One (Nursing, Ethics, Health Promotion, SMART GOALS) Definition of Nursing - CORRECT ANSWER Nursing encompasses autonomous & collaborative care of individuals of all ages, fami... lies, groups & communities, sick or well settings. Nursing includes the promotion of health, prevention of illness, and the care of ill, disabled & dying people. Advocacy, promotion of a safe environment, research, participation in shaping health policy & in patient & health systems management, and education are also key nursing roles. http://www.icn.ch/who-we-are/icn-definition-of-nursing/ Definition of Nursing as a Profession - CORRECT ANSWER The Nursing profession is self-governing and as members of the Nursing profession, nurses provide a service to society, are accountable for their actions and abide by the ANA Code of Ethics. Professional Responsibility of the Nurse is to provide care and comfort and emphasize health promotion and illness prevention through education. General Description of Nursing - CORRECT ANSWER Nursing involves the diagnosis and treatment of human responses to health and illness. Nursing Assessment - CORRECT ANSWER gathering of objective and subjective data about a patients physiological, psychological, sociological and spiritual status Objective data - CORRECT ANSWER is information that the nurse perceives, such as via observation, hearing, smiling, feeling. Objective data includes data such as vital signs and lab results. Subjective data - CORRECT ANSWER is information provided to the nurse by the patient. For example, a patient tells you they have a pain in their leg. The nurse cannot 'see' the pain; however, the nurse can see a grimace on the face of someone in pain. This grimace on their face would be an objective observation. Nursing Diagnosis - CORRECT ANSWER a clinical judgement about individual, family, or community responses to actual or potential health problems. A nursing diagnosis provides the basis for a selection of nursing interventions to achieve positive patient outcomes. Nursing Process (Standards of Practice) - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Assessment 2. Diagnosis (Nursing) 3. Planning 4. Implementation 5. Evaluation Assessment - CORRECT ANSWER RN collects comprehensive data pertinent to the patient's health and situation Diagnosis (Nursing) - CORRECT ANSWER RN analyzes assessment data to determine diagnoses Planning - CORRECT ANSWER RN develops a plan of care that involves interventions to attain expected outcomes for the patient; Outcomes Identification- RN identifies expected outcomes for the patient. Implementation - CORRECT ANSWER RN implements interventions identified in the plan based on the nursing diagnosis Evaluation - CORRECT ANSWER RN evaluates progress toward attainment of outcomes Professional Nurse Roles (ACCEM) - CORRECT ANSWER Advocate Caregiver Communicator Educator Manager Advocate - CORRECT ANSWER Ie. Nurse acts as the "voice" for the patient. Our first loyalty is to the patient. Caregiver - CORRECT ANSWER Ie. Nurse provides care on all levels: Physical, psychosocial, developmental, cultural & spiritual Communicator - CORRECT ANSWER Ie. Nurse communicates with patient/family and healthcare team Educator - CORRECT ANSWER Ie. Nurse provides education on all aspects of care, such as heart healthy diet. Manager - CORRECT ANSWER Ie. Nurse guides patient care across the continuum (admission to discharge) Nurse Autonomy - CORRECT ANSWER respecting parent's decision to make a child 'no code blue' or 'do not resuscitate' Nurse Accountability - CORRECT ANSWER 'owning up to one's actions' or being answerable to one's own actions. Patient Self-Determination Act - CORRECT ANSWER Competent patients have the right to make their own decisions. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) - CORRECT ANSWER "Privacy Rule" - Upholds confidentiality of patients' protected health information Behavior-Specific Cognition - CORRECT ANSWER Nurse must assess the PATIENT'S PERCEIVED benefits of action to evaluate the potential for success in improving health. In other words, for the patient to be successful in improving health, he/she must perceive the actions or interventions to be helpful or beneficial. ANA Code of Ethics - CORRECT ANSWER identifies 9 provisions that emphasize the primary goals, values, and obligations of the nursing profession. *Foundation Sets standards of nursing practice Ethical Principles - CORRECT ANSWER Autonomy Beneficence Fidelity Justice Nonmaleficence Veracity Ethical dilemmas - CORRECT ANSWER occur as a result of conflicting values. Important for the nurse to understand own personal values. ** General steps in resolving ethical dilemmas - CORRECT ANSWER Gather relevant information Identify actions to be taken Negotiate a plan Evaluate the plan *Ethical Issues - CORRECT ANSWER Discuss details with patient Determine if ethical issue exsits Assess everyone's ethical beliefs Determine if there is an ethical conflict Take decided actions Discuss results of actions Health Promotion - CORRECT ANSWER Assessment of strengths, not only deficits. Important to make true assessments while involving patient in his/her care. AVOID making suggestions before consideration of patient and family concerns. Healthy People 2020 - Overarching Goals - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Advance the access to care for all 2. Eliminate health disparities 3. Increase the quality and years of healthy life Tobacco - CORRECT ANSWER smoking cessation is important health promotion issue Definition of Health - CORRECT ANSWER Dynamic and holistic process in a person's perceived state of being (Always changing) Illness can be ACUTE or CHRONIC - CORRECT ANSWER ACUTE illness=short duration and severe CHRONIC illness=persists longer than 6 months. For example, people normally make lifestyle changes which are the best way to manage their long-term disease or chronic illness. Models of Health and Illness - CORRECT ANSWER HEALTH BELIEF MODEL- Addresses the relationship between a person's beliefs and behaviors. People's health beliefs can put them at risk for illness. EXAMPLE: Some people seek medical attention only when they are sick. This puts them at risk because they may be seeking care too late. Some illnesses can be detected early and serious disease can be prevented. HEALTH PROMOTION MODEL- Directed at increasing a patient's level of well-being (prevention & education) Risk Factors - CORRECT ANSWER Variables that increase the vulnerability of an individual or a group to an illness or accident. It is important FIRST identify problems that may develop (prevention). Examples: Genetic and Physiological Factors Age Environmental Lifestyle Behaviors If patient smokes, then smoking is a RISK FACTOR for diseases such as Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), lung cancer, etc. Risk factors can be MODIFIABLE or NON-MODIFIABLE. In the examples above, modifiable risk factors include, environmental and lifestyle behaviors such as smoking. Age, genetics, developmental level are examples of non-modifiable risk factors. Modifiable Risk Factors - CORRECT ANSWER environmental and lifestyle behaviors- smoking Non-modifiable Risk Factors - CORRECT ANSWER age, genetics, developmental level Levels of Prevention - CORRECT ANSWER Primary Secondary Tertiary Primary Prevention - CORRECT ANSWER True prevention that lowers the chances that a disease will develop Ie. Immunizations, use of seat belts, use of infant car seats. EDUCATION is a great example of primary prevention and nurses provide education frequently. Also, keep in mind that screening for risk factors rather than disease is considered primary prevention. For example, let's say a person is screened for risk factors related to Diabetes. They find that they are obese and lack exercise. This is considered primary prevention because the actual disease ( Diabetes) can be prevented by diet and exercise. Secondary Prevention - CORRECT ANSWER Focuses on those who have or are at risk to develop a disease. Ie. Screening for breast cancer ( actual disease). If disease is detected during screening mammogram or cardiac catheterization, for example, the disease may be treated early and managed before disease becomes more serious or life threatening. In the previous example, if a screening is done to detect high blood glucose, then Diabetes may be detected. This is secondary prevention because the actual disease is detected and can be treated early. Tertiary Prevention - CORRECT ANSWER Occurs when a defect or disability is permanent or irreversible. Disease is already present, so in this stage, we treat and manage the disease. (chronic or long term) SMART Goals - CORRECT ANSWER Specific Measurable Attainable Relevant Time-Frame Specific - CORRECT ANSWER "What has to be done?" Measurable - CORRECT ANSWER "What will be the end result?" Attainable - CORRECT ANSWER "Is the goal feasible or reachable?" Relevant - CORRECT ANSWER "Is the goal applicable?" Time-Frame - CORRECT ANSWER "What is the target date?" [Show More]

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