BKAT Study Guide latest updated (Graded A+)

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BKAT Study Guide latest updated (Graded A+) What to do first if patient has chest pain. - Answer- Rest! ECG changes in an acute MI - Answer- ST elevation in 2 or more contiguous leads. Ischemia ... d/t full thickness loss of muscle. EMERGENCY. Inferior leads - Answer- II, III, aVF. RCA occlusion. Septal leads - Answer- V1 & V2. Anterior leads - Answer- V1 - V4. LAD lesion. Lateral leads - Answer- V5, V6, I, and aVL. Circumflex lesion. Cardiac enzymes - Answer- Troponins, CK-MB, and CK Changes in CK - Answer- Rise: 3-6 hours Peak: 24 hours Normal: 3-4 days Changes in CK-MB - Answer- Released after myocardial necrosis. Specific for myocardial damage. Rise: 3-12 hours Peak: 24 hours Normal: 2-3 days Troponin I - Answer- Protein found in cardiac muscle. High sensitivity. Rise: 3-12 hours Peak: 24 hours Normal: 5-10 days Troponin T - Answer- Protein found in cardiac muscle. High sensitivity. Rise: 3-12 hours Peak: 12-48 hours Normal: 5-14 days Common conditions that cause a murmur - Answer- Aortic dissection, aortic regurgitation (both acute & chronic), mitral valve regurgitation (both acute & chronic), mitral valve stenosis Drugs to decrease afterload/SVR/PVR - Answer- (Arterial Dilators) Nitroprusside, nitroglycerin, amrinone, alpha (Regitine) & Ca channel blockers Drugs to increased afterload/SVR/PVR - Answer- (Vasopressors) Epinepherine, norepinepherine, dopamine, neosynephrine Drugs to decrease contractility/SVI - Answer- Beta blockers (atenolol, metoprolol, propranolol, labetolol, esmolol) and Ca channel blockers Drugs to increase contractility/SVI - Answer- Positive inotropes, dobutamine, dopamine, milrinone, and digoxin Drugs to decrease preload/CVP/PAWP - Answer- Venous Dilators - Nitroglycerin, nitroprusside, amrinone, alpha & Ca channel blockers Diuretics - Furosemide, bumex, mannitol Drugs to increase preload/CVP/PAWP - Answer- Volume - Colloid, crystalloids, blood, hetastarch Dysrhythmia control - antirhythmics, pacemaker, AICD [Show More]

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