Friday 20 May 2022 – Afternoon AS Level Biology B (Advancing Biology) H022/01 Foundations of biology

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Friday 20 May 2022 – Afternoon AS Level Biology B (Advancing Biology) H022/01 Foundations of biology Time allowed: 1 hour 30 minutes * H 0 2 2 0 1 * INSTRUCT... IONS • Use black ink. You can use an HB pencil, but only for graphs and diagrams. • Write your answer to each question in the space provided. If you need extra space use the lined pages at the end of this booklet. The question numbers must be clearly shown. • Answer all the questions. • Where appropriate, your answer should be supported with working. Marks might be given for using a correct method, even if your answer is wrong. INFORMATION • The total mark for this paper is 70. • The marks for each question are shown in brackets [ ]. • This document has 24 pages. ADVICE • Read each question carefully before you start your answer. © OCR 2022 [601/4721/0] DC (CE/JG) 301317/6 OCR is an exempt Charity Turn over SECTION A You should spend a maximum of 25 minutes on this section. Write your answer for each question in the box provided. Answer all the questions. 1 Which option is a short-term effect of a pollutant on the respiratory system? A Asthma attack B Chronic bronchitis C Emphysema D Lung cancer Your answer [1] 2 Herceptin is a drug used in immunotherapy to treat breast cancer. Which of the statements about treating cancer with Herceptin is correct? A Chemicals bind to oestrogen to prevent transcription in cancer cells. B Ionising radiation binds to cancer cells. C Specialised antibodies are attracted to cancer cells. D Toxic chemicals destroy cancer cells. Your answer [1] 3 Which of the statements about a false-negative screening test for breast cancer is correct? A A follow-up biopsy confirms that no cancer is present in the breast tissue. B A mammogram looks abnormal even though no cancer is present. C A mammogram looks normal even though cancer is present. D The person looking at the mammograms records a positive result by mistake. Your answer [1] 4 When the number of people in a population that are immune to a disease reaches a herd immunity threshold (HIT) value then the disease is no longer present in that population. The table shows data for four diseases, A to D, in a population of 50 000 people. Disease Number of people with immunity to the disease Herd immunity threshold (%) A 44 000 92–94 B 38 000 83–86 C 39 000 80–96 D 41 000 75–86 Which of the diseases is no longer present in this population? Your answer [1] 5 The diphtheria vaccine contains a bacterial toxin that results in the production of antibodies when injected into the body. Which type of immunity is provided by the diphtheria vaccine? A Artificial active immunity B Artificial passive immunity C Natural active immunity D Natural passive immunity Your answer [1] 6 The pie chart shows the percentage number of deaths in a population from respiratory diseases and from all other causes during a flu epidemic. A B All other causes C D The number of deaths caused by flu during the epidemic was 103. Which of the segments of the pie chart labelled A to D represents the percentage of deaths caused by flu? Your answer [1] 7 The sentences below are about an immune response. During a ..............1 immune response, clonal expansion is faster. More plasma cells are produced by ..............2.............. , which results in a greater concentration of ..............3.............. secreted into the blood. 1 2 3 A primary memory B cells antibodies B primary memory T cells antigens C secondary memory B cells antibodies D secondary memory T cells antibodies Which row correctly identifies the missing words in the sentences? Your answer [1] 8 Which of the options would result in reduced oxygen supply and poorly developed lungs in a developing fetus? A High intake of alcohol during pregnancy B High intake of tobacco smoke during pregnancy C Shortage of folic acid in the diet of a pregnant woman D Shortage of vitamin C in the diet of a pregnant woman Your answer [1] 9 The table shows some of the cells, tissues and organs found in the mammalian respiratory system. Cell Tissue Organ A cilia ciliated epithelium lung B cilia trachea lung C squamous epithelial ciliated epithelium trachea D squamous epithelial trachea lung Which of the rows correctly identifies a cell, a tissue and an organ? Your answer [1] 10 Which of the options would result in an increase in tissue fluid formation? A Decrease in hydrostatic pressure and increase in osmotic pressure at arteriole end of capillaries B Decrease in hydrostatic pressure and increase in osmotic pressure at venule end of capillaries C Increase in both hydrostatic pressure and osmotic pressure at venule end of capillaries D Increase in hydrostatic pressure and decrease in osmotic pressure at arteriole end of capillaries Your answer [1] 11 The blood pressure of patients is often monitored when admitted to hospital. The table shows blood pressure measurements and diagnosis for four patients who had been admitted to hospital. Patient Diastolic pressure (mmHg) Systolic pressure (mmHg) Diagnosis A 70 120 severe blood loss B 100 170 hypertension C 120 80 normal blood pressure D 170 100 hypotension Which patient has the correct diagnosis from the blood pressure measurements shown in the table? Your answer [1] 12 Which statement about the transmission of electrical impulses through heart muscle is correct? A Impulses are transmitted from Purkyne tissue to the AVN. B Impulses are transmitted from Purkyne tissue to the SAN. C Impulses are transmitted from the AVN to Purkyne tissue. D Impulses are transmitted from the AVN to the SAN. Your answer [1] 13 Acidified phloroglucinol is a differential stain that shows the presence of lignin in plant tissues by staining structures containing lignin red. Which of the plant structures can be distinguished from others by using acidified phloroglucinol? A Lenticels in the stem B Palisade mesophyll cells in the leaf C Waxy cuticle on the upper epidermis of the leaf D Xylem vessels in the stem Your answer [1] 14 A group of students used the potometer below to estimate the rate of transpiration during an investigation. Water reservoir Screw clip Leafy shoot Scale in mm Position of air bubble after 10 minutes Start point of air bubble The students timed the movement of the air bubble for 10 minutes. The diameter of the capillary tubing used for the potometer was 1 mm. The students used the formula: Volume of a cylinder = πr 2l to calculate the volume of water taken up by the plant in 10 minutes. Which of the estimated rates of transpiration is correct? A 19  mm3 h–1 B 113  mm3 h–1 C 283  mm3 h–1 D 1130  mm3 h–1 Your answer [1] 15 A student completed the plan drawing, shown below, of a section of plant organ they observed using a light microscope. Cortex Xylem Phloem Which plant organ is drawn by the student? A Dicotyledonous root B Dicotyledonous stem C Monocotyledonous root D Monocotyledonous stem Your answer [1] 16 Which of the reactions is catalysed by the enzyme thromboplastin? A Fibrinogen fibrin B Fibrin fibrinogen C Prothrombin thrombin D Thrombin prothrombin Your answer [1] 17 The relative amounts of the lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzymes in four different mouse tissues were measured using gel electrophoresis. Results for three samples from each tissue are shown below and the relative amount of the five LDH isoenzymes was determined as a percentage by measuring the density of the spots. LDH-1 LDH-2 LDH-3 LDH-4 LDH-5 A B C D The graph below shows values for LDH isoenzymes in brain tissue calculated using this technique. % density LDH-1 LDH-2 LDH-3 LDH-4 LDH-5 Which of the tissues, A to D, can be identified as brain tissue from the gel electrophoresis results? Your answer [1] 18 Molecules Y and Z are monomers that can be joined by a condensation reaction. Molecule Y O Molecule Z O O HO P O OH HO P O OH NH2 HO OH HO OH Which of the bonds would be formed between molecules Y and Z during a condensation reaction? A Ester B Glycosidic C Hydrogen D Phosphodiester Your answer [1] 19 Which of the methods is not used to study the evolution of language? A Comparisons with other species B Computer simulations C DNA bar coding D Mathematical modelling Your answer [1] [Show More]

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