Critical Thinking Final Exam: Questions & Answers: Latest Updated A+ Score Guide

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Uncritical thinkers tend to: a. be close-minded and resist criticisms of beliefs and assumptions b. think illogically and draw unsupported conclusions from evidence and data c. base beliefs o... n mere personal preference or self-interest d. all of the above (Ans- D, all of the above The classic 1950s experiment in which students were asked to match a standard line with three comparison lines in order to test the power of peer pressure was conducted by: (Ans- Solomon Asch ________ is the general term given to a wide range of cognitive skills and intellectual dispositions needed to effectively identify, analyze, and evaluate arguments and truth claims, to discover and overcome personal preconceptions and biases, to formulate and present convincing reasons in support of conclusions, and to make reasonable, intelligent decisions about what to believe and what to do. (Ans- Critical Thinking Critical thinking is marked by: a. clarity b. completeness c. consistency d. all of the above (Ans- D, all of the above Self-interested thinking is a form of: (Ans- egocentrism One common form of sociocentrism is group bias. (Ans- True Self-interested thinking is the tendency to see one's own group (nation, tribe, sect, peer groups, etc.) as being inherently better than others. (Ans- False Clarity is the same thing as precision. (Ans- False Conformism is the tendency to see one's culture or group as being better than others. (Ans- False Stereotypes are generalizations about a group of people in which identical characteristics are assigned to all or virtually all members of the group, often without regard to whether such attributions are accurate. (Ans- True An enumerative definition is a definition that assigns a meaning to a word by listing some or all of the members of the class to which the word refers. (Ans- True "'Blanker' means someone who sends holiday cards without signatures or personalized messages." This is an example of a: (Ans- Stipulative definition "'Wine' means a delectable drink, made from fermented grapes, that elevates the mind, frees the tongue, and warms the heart." This is an example of a: (Ans- persuasive definition Words such as "excessive," "inappropriate," and "unreasonable" are primarily ambiguous. (Ans- False A ______________ occurs when disputants appear to disagree on an issue when they in fact have simply not resolved the ambiguity of a key term. (Ans- verbal dispute 'Philosophy' comes from two Greek words meaning 'the love of wisdom'" is an example of an etymological definition. (Ans- True "'Affirmative action' means a policy or practice that advantages women and/or minorities and unjustly discriminates against white males." This is an example of a: (Ans- Persuasive definition The emotive force of a word is the appeal it makes to a readers' or listener's feelings, desires and needs. (Ans- True "'Ampersand' means this: &." This is an example of a(n): (Ans- ostensive definition "Passed on" is a euphemism for "died." (Ans- True An argument is a claim put forward and defended with reasons. (Ans- True The following sentence is a statement: "Who let the dogs out?" (Ans- False Many arguments do not contain any indicator words. (Ans- True "What time is it?" is an example of a statement. (Ans- False The following sentence is an argument: "The dog is barking because the ice cream truck is coming." (Ans- False Rhetorical questions are statements. (Ans- True Two premises are linked if: (Ans- the omission of one of the premises would weaken or cancel the amount of support provided by the other An argument with a missing premise or conclusion is called (Ans- an enthymeme A good paraphrase is clear, concise, accurate, and charitable. (Ans- True An argument in which each step is numbered, premises are stated above the conclusion(s) they are alleged to support, and justifications are provided for each conclusion in the argument is said to be in (Ans- Standard logical form Every argument consists of at least two statements [Show More]

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