NUR 265 /NUR 265 EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE

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NUR 265 /NUR 265 EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE.RENAL: -Compare the pathophysiology of acute and chronic renal failure: (Pg. 1538) ACUTE: - Pathologic process depends o... n the cause of ARF (see common causes) - A rapid decrease in kidney function, leading to the collection of metabolic wastes in the body. - Sudden onset (hours to days) - =50% of nephron involvement - Usually lasts 2-4 weeks; less than 3 months - Prognosis is good for return of kidney function with supportive care.*May be reversible* CHRONIC: - Progressive irreversible disorder and kidney function does not recover - Gradual onset (months to years) - 90%-95% of nephron involvement - Permanent duration - Prognosis is fatal without therapy (dialysis or transplant) -Identify common causes of prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal ARF: (Pg. 1538-1539) PRERENAL: Any condition decreasing blood flow to kidneys leading to ischemia in nephrons - Shock (hypovolemia, hemorrhage, distributive, obstructive) - Heart Failure - Pulmonary Embolism - Anaphylaxis - Sepsis - Pericardial tamponade (If prolonged kidneys are severely damaged and results in intrarenal) INTRARENAL: Actual physical, chemical, hypoxic, or immunologic damage directly to kidney tissue - Acute interstitial nephritis {infections } - Exposure to nephrotoxins { NSAIDS, aminoglycoside antibiotics,} - Vasculitis - Acute tubular necrosis - Renal artery or vein stenosis or vein thrombosis - Formation of crystals or precipitates in nephron tubules POSTRENAL: Obstruction of urine collecting system anywhere from calyces to urethral meatus - Ureter, bladder, or urethral cancer - Kidney, ureter, or bladder stones - Bladder atony - Prostatic hyperplasia or cancer - Urethral stricture - Cervical cancer [Show More]

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