CNRN Exam 56 Questions with Verified Answers,100% CORRECT

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CNRN Exam 56 Questions with Verified Answers Neurotransmitters - CORRECT ANSWER Chemical substances found in the CNS that excite, inhibit, or modify the response of another cerebral cell(s) Dend... rites - CORRECT ANSWER Direct impulses toward the cell body Axon - CORRECT ANSWER Carries impulses away from the cell body Amines: Acetylcholine (ACh) - CORRECT ANSWER Usually excitatory Inhibitory effect on some of parasympathetic nervous system Chief transmitter of the PNS Amines: Serotonin (5-HT) - CORRECT ANSWER Controls body heat, hunger, behavior and sleep. Inhibitor of pain pathway cord; helps to control mood and sleep Cathecholamines: Dopamine (DA) - CORRECT ANSWER Affects control of behavior and fine movement Usually inhibitory Cathecholamines: Norepinephrine (NE) - CORRECT ANSWER Chief transmitter of SNS Usually excitatory can be inhibitory A.A.: Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) - CORRECT ANSWER Excitatory A.A.: Glutamic acid - CORRECT ANSWER Excitatory Glycine - CORRECT ANSWER Inhibitory Substance P - CORRECT ANSWER Excitatory Polypeptides: Enkephalin - CORRECT ANSWER Excitatory to systems that inhibit pain; binds to the same receptors in the CNS that bind opiates drugs Polypeptides: Endorphin - CORRECT ANSWER Binds to opiate receptors in the brain and pituitary gland; excitatory to systems that inhibit pain Epidural space - CORRECT ANSWER Located between the skull & dura mater Subdural space - CORRECT ANSWER Located between the inner dura mater & the arachnoid layer Subarachnoid space - CORRECT ANSWER Located between the arachnoid & pia mater layers. Contains CSF What is the specific gravity of CSF? - CORRECT ANSWER 1.007 Amount of CSF in adults? - CORRECT ANSWER 125-150ml Choroid plexus - CORRECT ANSWER A collection of blood vessels covered by a thin coating of ependymal cells Name the 3 produces of CSF fluid - CORRECT ANSWER Choroid plexus, ependymal cells and blood vessels of the brain What area does the MCA supply? - CORRECT ANSWER Entire lateral surfaces of the hemispheres except for the occipital pole & the inferolateral surface of the hemisphere What are does the ACA supply? - CORRECT ANSWER Medial surface of frontal and parietal lobes What are the major functions of the frontal lobe? - CORRECT ANSWER Perform high level functions: reasoning, abstraction, concentration, and executive control. Voluntary eye movement Storage of memory Influences somatic motor control of activities such as rr, gi activity and bp Broca's area - CORRECT ANSWER Location: frontal lobe of the inferior frontal gyrus. Motor control of speech. ie articulation, speed, & rhythm of speech Wernicke's area - CORRECT ANSWER Location: Temporal lobe. Understanding spoken language. What are the functions of the parietal lobe? - CORRECT ANSWER Sensory input is interpreted to define size, shape, weight, texture. A person's awareness of their body parts What are the functions of the temporal lobe? - CORRECT ANSWER Primary auditory receptive area Where is the interpretive area located? Importance? - CORRECT ANSWER Temporal lobe. Functions: hearing, memory/learning, receptive language What are the functions of the occipital lobe? - CORRECT ANSWER The primary visual cortex. Visual perception,visual reflexes and involuntary eye movements. Basal ganglia - CORRECT ANSWER several masses of subcortical nuclei located deep in the cerebral hemis. Responsible for fine body movements, esp. hands and lower extremities. Thalamus - CORRECT ANSWER Role in conscious pain awareness, in focusing of attention Hypothalamus - CORRECT ANSWER Regulates important physiologically based drives: appetites, sexual arousal, and thirst, temp, water metabolism, hypophyseal secretions, visceral and somatic activities, visible facial expressions, sleep-wake cycle Anterior pituitary gland secretes: - CORRECT ANSWER growth-stimulating hormone, adrenal stimulating hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone. Posterior pituitary gland secretes: - CORRECT ANSWER vasopressin aka ADH, and oxytocin Cerebellum controls: - CORRECT ANSWER fine movement, coordinates muscle groups, and maintains balance through feedback loops Reticular Activating System (RAS) controls: - CORRECT ANSWER sleep-wake cycles, consciousness, focused attention, and sensory perception Limbic system functions to control - CORRECT ANSWER basic instinctual and emotional drives: fear, sexual drive, hunger, sleep and s/t memory Norepinephrine - CORRECT ANSWER Released from adrenal medulla: increases BP. Action in hypothalamus: sympathetic vasodilation resulting in muscle blood flow. Dopamine - CORRECT ANSWER Involved in mental functions Epinephrine - CORRECT ANSWER Regulate autonomic response and BP regulation. Acts as vasodilator in cardiac system. CNI - CORRECT ANSWER Olfactory nerve (sensory): smell CNII - CORRECT ANSWER Optic nerve (sensory): visual acuity & visual fields Anton's syndrome - CORRECT ANSWER cortical blindness. complete loss of vision often with denial or unawareness of the deficit CNIII, IV, VI - CORRECT ANSWER Oculomotor, Trochlear, Abducens (motor): extraocular movements CN V - CORRECT ANSWER Trigeminal nerve (mixed): 3 sensory vectors: ophthalmic, maxillary, mandibular division. Motor component: muscles of mastication. CNVII - CORRECT ANSWER Facial nerve (mixed): sensory: sense of taste. motor: symmetry of the face at rest & deliberate facial movements CNVIII - CORRECT ANSWER Acoustic nerve (sensory): 2 branches Cochlear nerver-hearing. Vestibular nerve-equilibrium, coordination, orientation CN IX and X - CORRECT ANSWER Glossopharyngeal & Vagus. Tested together. Mixed. Function of the pharynx. Gag respsonse. CN XI - CORRECT ANSWER Spinal accessory nerve. Motor. Symmetry of sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles by shrugging shoulders and turning head to 1 side & push chin against examiners hand. CN XII - CORRECT ANSWER Hypoglossal. Motor. Movement of tongue. A-E-I-O-U mnemonic for major cause of ALOC - CORRECT ANSWER Alcohol, epilepsy, insulin, opium, and uremia TIPPS mnemonic for major cause of ALOC - CORRECT ANSWER Tumor, injury, psychiatric, stroke and sepsis Fibrillations - CORRECT ANSWER Transitory spontaneous muscle contractions can be detected with EMG Anhidrosis - CORRECT ANSWER inability to perspire. cause: transection of sympathetic nerves. skin will be warm and dry Mass effect - CORRECT ANSWER The shifting of cerebral structures resulting from pressure. There is compression and traction of cerebral tissue that results ischemic horner's syndrome - CORRECT ANSWER unilateral, small pupil; reactive to light & accommodation. Miotic pupil will have ptosis and loss of sweating on affected side [Show More]

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