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NR 101 MICRO-CHAP 4 QUIZ. CHAPTER 4 1) Which of the following are magnifying lenses? 1) A) oculars B) dark-field stops C) objectives D) condensers E) both objectives and the oculars 2) Which o... f the following classification methods relies on the morphology of organisms? 2) A) biochemical tests B) serological tests C) physical (phenotypic) characteristics D) analysis of nucleic acids E) phage typing 3) Which of the following is an INCORRECT pairing? 3) A) numerical aperture; curved glass B) electron beams; shorter wavelength C) contrast; staining techniques D) magnification; refraction of radiation E) simple microscope; Leeuwenhoek 4) Why have some microbiologists proposed using ribosomal RNA as the basis for defining bacterial species? 4) A) Ribosomal RNAs are highly conserved genetic sequences present in all prokaryotes. B) Bacteria vary too little in their physical and biochemical traits. C) The "interbreeding population" criterion does not apply to bacteria. D) Ribosomal RNA is the basis for domain assignment. E) Bacteria are not interbreeding populations, and ribosomal RNAs are highly conserved genes present in all prokaryotes. 5) The microscope preferred for viewing living specimens is the ________ microscope. 5) A) scanning tunneling B) bright-field C) phase-contrast D) scanning electron E) transmission electron 6) Why does immersion oil improve resolution? 6) A) It decreases the working distance. B) It increases the numerical aperture. C) It allows light to travel at a uniform speed on its way to the lens. D) It increases numerical aperture and maintains a uniform light speed. E) It increases the angle of refraction of the light. 7) The ________ stain makes use of malachite green. 7) A) acid-fast B) electron microscopy C) endospore D) flagellar E) negative 8) Why are modern light microscopes better than the ones Leeuwenhoek used? 8) A) Modern microscopes are compound instead of simple. B) Modern lenses are made of prisms. C) Modern microscopes have lenses with smaller numerical apertures. D) Modern microscopes have a fivefold better resolution. E) Modern microscopes are compound and have fivefold better resolution. 9) Viruses are not included in the taxonomic scheme proposed by Carl Woese because they lack 9) A) cytoplasm. B) lipid membranes. C) proteins. D) genetic material. E) ribosomal RNA. 10) In the Gram stain procedure, iodine serves as a 10) A) mordant. B) fixative. C) decolorizing agent. D) counterstain. E) primary stain. 11) Methylene blue can be used to stain DNA because it 11) A) changes the pH and therefore the structure of DNA. B) makes DNA electron dense. C) covalently bonds with DNA. D) is an effective fixing agent for nucleic acids. E) forms ionic bonds with DNA. 12) The primary goal of modern taxonomists is to 12) A) have a complete inventory of all living things. B) determine what defines a species. C) establish unique identifiers for each species. D) understand the phylogenetic relationships between organisms. E) There is no consensus among taxonomists regarding their primary goal. 13) The Gram stain works because of differences in the ________ of bacteria. 13) A) cell membranes B) genetic characteristics C) cell walls D) antigens E) capsules 14) The kingdoms included in the Linnaeus system of classification are 14) A) Fungi and Protista. B) Protista and Plantae. C) Animalia and Plantae. D) Prokaryotae and Protista. E) Animalia and Prokaryotae. 15) What role does safranin play in the Gram stain procedure? 15) A) decolorizing agent B) primary stain C) negative stain D) mordant E) counterstain 16) One-thousandth of a meter is a 16) A) centimeter (cm). B) millimeter (mm). C) micrometer (μm). D) yard. E) nanometer (nm). 17) The limits of resolution of atomic force microscopes is in the range of A) millimeters (mm). B) nanometers (nm). C) centimeters (cm). D) meters (m). E) micrometers (μm). 18) Safranin dye is used as the counterstain in ________ stain(s). 18) A) the Gram B) the flagellar C) the endospore D) the acid-fast E) both the Gram and the endospore 19) The most appropriate unit of measurement for intact archaea is the 19) A) nanometer (nm). B) meter (m). C) centimeter (cm). D) micrometer (μm). E) millimeter (mm). 20) If a microbiology lab student left the safranin out of the Gram stain procedure, what would be the result? A) Gram-positive cells would be purple and Gram-negative cells would be colorless. B) All cells would be purple. C) Gram-positive cells would be colorless and Gram-negative cells would be pink. D) Gram-positive cells would be pink and Gram-negative cells would be purple. E) All cells would be pink. 21) Tannic acid is a mordant (chemical fixative) used in the ________ stain. 21) A) electron microscopy B) acid-fast C) negative D) endospore E) flagellar 22) All of the following are common to both the Gram stain and the acid-fast stain EXCEPT 22) A) primary stain. B) a chemical mordant. C) a decolorizing agent. D) counterstain. E) a decolorizing agent and a counterstain. 23) If you were trying to visualize flagella without staining, which microscope would you use? A) fluorescent B) phase-contrast C) confocal D) bright-field E) dark-field 24) The ability of a lens to gather light is referred to as its 24) A) resolution. B) magnification. C) numerical aperture. D) contrast. E) refraction. 25) A sample is prepared using osmium tetroxide as a stain. This sample has been prepared for a(n) ________ microscope. A) differential interference contrast B) atomic force C) electron D) fluorescence E) phase-contrast 26) Which of the following is NOT associated with an electron microscope? A) magnetic fields B) a prism C) a vacuum D) an electron beam E) a fluorescent screen 27) A virologist wants to observe the surface features of virus particles she is studying. Which of the following microscopes would NOT be useful for her observations? A) scanning tunneling B) transmission electron C) atomic force D) differential interference contrast E) scanning electron 28) Viruses are generally measured in A) millimeters. B) micrometers. C) nanometers. D) centimeters. E) decimeters. 29) All of the following are types of light microscopes EXCEPT 29) A) fluorescent. B) scanning tunneling. C) confocal. D) bright-field. E) phase-contrast. 30) The ________ stain is one in which eosin is used. 30) A) electron microscopy B) endospore C) flagellar D) negative E) acid-fast 31) The size of a pork tapeworm is generally described in terms of 31) A) millimeters (mm.) B) nanometers (nm). C) micrometers (μm). D) decimeters (dc). E) meters (m). 32) Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a genus name? 32) A) It is always capitalized. B) It is usually an adjective. C) It is one of two names used to identify an organism. D) It is written before the specific epithet. E) It is either underlined or in italics. 33) A structure that appears in a transmission electron micrograph but is NOT actually present in the specimen is known as a(n) A) mordant. B) antigen. C) refraction. D) biofilm. E) artifact. 34) Carbolfuchsin is the ________ in the acid-fast stain. 34) A) counterstain B) fixing reagent C) decolorizer D) mordant E) primary stain 35) Which of the following statements about transmission electron microscopy is FALSE? 35) A) The sample is placed in a vacuum. B) Glass lenses are used. C) Thin segments must be used. D) Electrons are the source of visualization. E) Stains can be applied to improve contrast. 36) Heat is used to drive the stain into cells in the ________ staining procedure(s). 36) A) endospore stain B) capsule stain C) Gram stain D) acid-fast stain E) both acid-fast and endospore stains 37) In Gram staining, ethanol-acetone is used as a 37) A) drying agent. B) decolorizing agent. C) counterstain. D) primary stain. E) mordant. 38) You are shown a micrograph from a light microscope in which the specimens appear bright compared to the background. The micrograph is probably from a(n) ________ microscope. A) Nomarski B) bright-field C) atomic force D) phase-contrast E) dark-field 39) A cell's G + C ratio is associated with which of the following classification methods? 39) A) biochemical tests B) serological tests C) analysis of nucleic acids D) phage typing E) physical characteristics 40) Which of the following phenomena produces magnification? A) the refraction of radiation as it passes through a lens B) the length of an objective lens C) the numerical aperture of a lens D) the wavelength of a radiation source E) the thickness of a microscopic specimen 41) Which of the following microscopes produces the highest resolution images? A) differential interference B) atomic force C) scanning electron D) dark-field E) fluorescent 42) A thin film of microbes on a slide is 42) A) a Gram reaction. B) a smear. C) fixation. D) agglutination. E) a biopsy. 43) The rules of naming organisms are called 43) A) taxonomy. B) binomials. C) identification. D) classification. E) nomenclature. 44) Acidic dyes 44) A) are negatively charged. B) work best in low pH environments. C) are used for staining negatively charged molecular structures. D) are lipid soluble. E) are negatively charged and work best at low pH. 45) A measurement of a microbe is reported as 1 × 10-6 m, also known as A) millimeters (mm). B) centimeters (cm). C) nanometers (nm). D) yards. E) micrometers (μm). 46) Species and strains of microbes can be distinguished from one another phenotypically using 46) A) serological tests. B) Gram-stain reactions. C) electron microscopy. D) ribosomal RNA analysis E) G + C content. 47) Bacteria and many other microbes do not ________ and therefore do not fit Linneaus' definition species. A) have nuclei B) reproduce sexually C) have cytoplasmic membranes D) exchange genetic material E) reproduce asexually 48) Carl Woese proposed the concept of the domain based on differences of which of the following cellular molecules? A) membrane lipids B) DNA C) ribosomal RNA D) proteins E) transfer RNA 49) A sample from a patient is prepared using the Gomori methenamine silver stain. What type of microbe is suspected of being present? A) bacteria B) parasitic worm larva C) fungus D) virus E) protozoal parasite 50) Tungsten is a reagent used in the 50) A) electron microscopy stain. B) negative stain. C) flagellar stain. D) endospore stain. E) acid-fast stain. [Show More]

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