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Question text The intensity of sound is measured in Select one: a. hertz units. b. timbre. c. decibel units. d. frequency. The phi phenomenon was used by psychologists to argue that Select o... ne: a. the rate of decay of items from short-term memory is unrelated to encoding strategy. b. basic elements of human consciousness can be discovered through the process of introspection. c. perception has meaning only when it is seen as a whole, rather than as a collection of elements. d. isolating the elements of experience can give a true understanding of behavior. Who was the early pioneer in memory research that used himself as his only research subject? Select one: a. Max Wertheimer b. Sigmund Freud c. Alfred Binet d. Hermann Ebbinghaus Genetically speaking, blue eyes, light hair, normal vision, and freckles are the result of Select one: a. dominant traits. b. chromosomal abnormality. c. dizygotic separation. d. recessive traits. What happens to the neuron just before a neural message is transmitted to adjacent neurons? Select one: a. The cell membrane near the axon becomes more permeable. b. Sodium ions exit at the end of the axon. c. Neurotransmitters are not allowed to permeate the cell. d. The neuron becomes more and more negatively charged. Question text If your saccule and utricle are damaged, you will have problems with Select one: a. body orientation. b. skin temperature. c. sound localization. d. taste. Which of the following is a key term in the definition of psychology? Select one: a. behavior b. habit c. introspection d. induction Psychologists who do their work in industrial settings, medical centers, and school systems often use psychological information obtained from Select one: a. basic research. b. introspection. c. counseling sessions. d. philosophers. Question text If you are concerned that your researcher might actually influence the outcome of your experiment, you should conduct a Select one: a. placebo pre-trial. b. manipulation check. c. correlational study. d. blind experiment. Cultures that emphasize the importance of individual rights, goals, and accomplishments are considered to be Select one: a. collectivistic. b. modernistic. c. individualistic. d. culturally diverse. The phrase "survival of the fittest" is most closely associated with the ______ perspective of psychology. Select one: a. sociocultural b. Gestalt c. psychoanalytical d. evolutionary In thinking about Mary (a female), a psychologist would tend to view Mary's gender role as being comprised of Select one: a. only feminine characteristics. b. no masculine characteristics. c. neither masculine nor feminine characteristics. d. both masculine and feminine characteristics Question text When the most highly aggressive female mice are bred with random male mice, and for each generation only the highly aggressive female mice are selected to breed, what happens to these selected female mice over successive generations? Select one: a. The highly aggressive female mice become more and more aggressive in each new generation. b. The effect of aggression in female mice is negated by the random effect of the male mice. c. The highly aggressive female mice eventually die out because of stress-related reactions. d. The male mice become extremely hostile and aggressive in order to stay alive. Feedback Question text A psychologist wishes to study the effect of background music on test taking. A classroom of students is divided in two; half take a test in a quiet room and the other half take the test where music is playing. The group in the quiet room is known as the ________ group. Select one: a. correlational b. experimental c. quantitative d. control Question text It is the ______ that transfers a signal from an afferent nerve to an efferent neuron. Select one: a. nucleus b. synaptic cleft c. axon hillock d. interneuron Question text In formal experiments, the experimental group is the ______ group and the control group is the ______ group. Select one: a. inactive; inactive b. inactive; active c. active; active d. active; inactive Question text What is the relationship between statistical significance and practical significance? Select one: a. Statistical significance does not equal practical significance. b. If an outcome is statistically significant, this means that it has practical significance. c. If an outcome is practical significance, this means that it has statistical significance. d. Statistical significance and practical significance are really the same thing. Question text Since most nonprimate mammals have no color vision, you would expect their eyes to have Select one: a. mostly cones. b. mostly rods. c. equal numbers of rods and cones. d. no cones or rods. Question text The main difference between a correlational study and a formal experiment is that in a correlational study Select one: a. individuals are assigned to conditions randomly. b. the researcher begins without any hypothesis. c. the researcher does not intentionally influence either variable. d. there is an independent variable but no dependent variable. Question text When women are threatened by a man's cheating on them, women are more concerned about ______ infidelity than ______ infidelity. Select one: a. emotional; sexual b. sexual; emotional c. financial; physical d. physical; financial Question text Although related, school psychologists ________ and educational psychologists ______. Select one: a. study the ways children learn; teach future teachers b. teach future teachers; consult about behavioral problems and test c. select which students will attend which school; teach future teachers. d. consult about behavioral problems and test; study the ways children learn Question text Under what condition does an action potential occur? Select one: a. a large polarization of the neuron b. when sodium ions leave the neuron c. a strong depolarization of the cell membrane d. when a neurotransmitter enters the myelin sheath Question text The selective loss of gray matter from childhood to middle adulthood that results in improved brain efficiency is called Select one: a. autogenesis. b. neural plasticity. c. neural pruning. d. neurogenesis. Question text What have twin studies revealed about intelligence? Select one: a. Intelligence is completely influenced by environment. b. Intelligence is partly influenced by heredity. c. Dizygotic twins have almost identical IQ scores. d. Monozygotic twins have very different IQ scores. Question text The process of receiving, translating, and transmitting messages from the outside world to the brain is called Select one: a. sensation. b. selective attention. c. perception. d. cognition. Question text Where is the midbrain located in relation to the hindbrain? Select one: a. small area found inside the hindbrain b. large area found beside the hindbrain c. small area at the top of the hindbrain d. small area found below the hindbrain Question text The artistic technique of painting people in the front of a scene to cover those behind is called Select one: a. texture gradient. b. Ponzo illusion. c. superposition. d. color constancy. Question text The idea that genes influence how environments affect us and the environments influence how genes operate is known as the gene-environment Select one: a. intra-dependence. b. incision. c. interaction. d. interdiction. Question text Contemporary psychologists can be roughly divided into two groups: Select one: a. cognitive and developmental. b. basic and applied. c. sociocultural and evolutionary. d. structuralists and functionalists. Question text Sensory information is interpreted through the process of Select one: a. sensation. b. translation. c. perception. Question text Self-concept refers to the idea of Select one: a. how we came into the world. b. our view of what we are like. c. how we conceptualize other people. d. the relationship we have with our parents. Question text Are neurons physically connected to one another? Select one: a. No, they are separated by a myelin sheath. b. No, they are separated by a synaptic gap. c. Yes, each neuron connects to one other neuron. Question text We are able to taste due to approximately ______ taste buds on our tongue. Select one: a. 10,000 b. 100,000 c. 1,000,000 d. 1,000 Question text Naturalistic observation describes a research technique in which careful observation and recording of behavior occurs Select one: a. in real-life settings. b. through archival research. c. in a controlled laboratory. d. under legal scrutiny. Question text If you are in a low stress-level situation, and you experience increases in salivation, constriction of the lungs, contraction of the bladder, and an activation of the digestive tract, you know that your ______ nervous system is primarily responsible for these operations. Select one: a. somatic b. sympathetic c. parasympathetic d. efferent Question text If a neuron is polarized, which of the following conditions exists? Select one: a. The inside of the cell has a more negative charge than the outside. b. The inside of the cell has a more positive charge than the outside. c. The cell has fired and no electrical charges are present. d. Electrical charges are equally balanced between the inside and outside of the cell. Question text What do the Ames room and Müller-Lyer illusion have in common? Select one: a. They demonstrate a different type of depth perception. b. They exhibit monocular cues to depth perception. c. They demonstrate closure and continuity. d. They are visual illusions. Question text The subjective experience of living in the world and being treated either as a male or a female is known as a person's Select one: a. gender role. b. gender identity. c. sexual orientation. d. sex. Question text If the results of a study are found to have statistical significance, this means that the results Select one: a. would happen by chance more than 5% of the time. b. happen about 50% of the time, no matter what. c. would happen by chance less than 5% of the time. d. have important implications for society. Question text A psychologist is studying the effect of varying levels of caffeine on anxiety. In this experiment, caffeine level is the Select one: a. correlation coefficient. b. dependent variable. [Show More]

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