NUR 2063 ESSENTIALS OF PATHOPHYSIOLOGY COMPLETE STUDY

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TESTED AND CONFIRMED A+ ANSWERS Essentials of Pathophysiology – Exam #1 Review Sheet Covers Modules 1, 2, and 3 – Chapters 1, 2, 3, 7, 8, 9, 10, 24, 51, 52, 53 1. Define pathophysiology. What d... oes the study of pathophysiology include? • PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: The study of all the abnormalities in physiologic function of living beings. o Derives from 2 disciplines: Patho meaning Dx of diseases through exam of organs, tissues, and cells. Physiology meaning Mechanical, physical, and biochemical functions. o There are FOUR parts of pathophysiology: 1- Etiology: causes/reasons of disease. This ID’s causal factors for Dz 2- Pathogenesis: Evolution of Dz from the initial stimulus to ultimate manifestations of the Dz. (GENESIS = CREATE) 2. Review terms such as signs, symptoms, acute, chronic, exacerbation, remission, convalescence, and sequela • Signs: objective/observed manifestations o Ex: rash, change in temperature • Symptoms: Subjective o Ex: pain, nausea • Acute: short-lived. • Chronic: lasts for months/years • Exacerbation: increase in severity • Remission: decrease in severity • Remission: decrease in severity • Convalescence: Stage of recovery • Sequela: subsequent pathological condition resulting from an illness o Ex: renal failure 2/2 HTN o 3. What is epidemiology? Review the different levels of disease prevention such as primary, secondary, and tertiary as well as examples for each. • Epidemiology is the study of study and analysis of the distribution, patterns and determinants of health and conditions in defined populations. o Primary level: altering susceptibility a. Ex: Immunizations o Secondary level” early detections/screenings a. Ex: Pap smears, breast exams, cancer screenings o Tertiary level: Rehabilitation (reduce disabilities) a. Ex: PT/OT after a stroke • Florence Nightingale was the first practicing epidemiologist. • If you need a professional to complete your college homework at a small fee, then reach out to amazingclasshelp.com 4. Review the difference between homeostasis and allostasis. • Homeostasis: The process by which a state of internal, physiological equilibrium is maintained. o Ex: pH, concentration of ions in ECF, glucose levels, osmolality of ECF • Allostasis: Steps the body takes to re-establish homeostasis. Adaptation to a changing internal and external environment o Ex: HR, body core temperature, BP 5. Review the three different stages of the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) including the alarm stage, adaptation/resistance, and exhaustion stage. What hormones are released during the alarm stage and what effects do they have on the body? • Three stages of GAS: 1: Alarm Stage: Fight/Flight response. 2: Resistance/Adaptation: Activity of nervous/endocrine systems to return to homeostasis 3: Exhaustion: If stressor is not removed the body cannot return to homeostasis. The body will go into allostatic overload and organs tissues give out. o Ex: renal failure 2/2 HTN [Show More]

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