Unit 3_Milstone 3_studyguide.

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Choose the true statement about the relationship between private business and the federal government during World War II. ● "Corporations were allowed to ignore federal regulations to protect us w... orkers in the interest of wartime production." ● "Prices for the consumer goods we produced spiked during the war in the absence of government regulation." ● "Wartime mobilization was so important that the government eased antitrust regulations while we were in production." ● "Wartime production was mostly done by government-owned factories rather than private companies like mine." CONCEPT Arsenal of Democracy 2 Name the group that formed in 1960 to organize protests such as sit-ins on behalf of the civil rights movement. ● The Citizens' Council ● The Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party ● The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People ● The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee CONCEPT The Early 1960s 3 "In these days, it is doubtful that any child may reasonably be expected to succeed in life if he is denied the opportunity of an education. Such an opportunity, where the state has undertaken to provide it, is a right which must be made available to all on equal terms." According to this excerpt from the Supreme Court's decision in Brown v. Board of Education, why was public school segregation unconstitutional? ● The segregation of public schools is in violation of the "equal protection" clause of the 14th Amendment. ● Public school segregation violates the Supreme Court decision handed down in Plessy v. Ferguson in 1896. ● Segregation in schools creates feelings of inferiority among black children, which has a lasting and negative effect on society. ● The segregation of public schools has led to underfunded schools for black children that lack the same amenities as white schools. CONCEPT The Consequences of Brown V Board 4 Read the excerpt from a presidential committee report published in 1947: "It is impossible to decide who suffers the greatest moral damage from our civil rights transgressions, because all of us are hurt. That is certainly true of those who are victimized. Their belief in the basic truth of the American promise is undermined . . . The damage to those who are responsible for these violations of our moral standards may well be greater . . . All of us must endure the cynicism about democratic values which our failures breed." How does this excerpt demonstrate that the Cold War affected the civil rights movement in the United States? ● Communists are distorting America’s racial shortcomings to challenge the growth of democracies. ● In response to global criticism, the committee vows to investigate and prosecute racism in the United States. ● Those who oppose the United States are trying to create hostilities toward it by members of other races. ● The committee is aware that the United States needs to take stronger steps to address racial discrimination at home. CONCEPT Cold War and the Civil Rights Movement 5 The United Nations issued a Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948. Which of the following statements reflects an idea contained in the United Nations' Universal Declaration of Human Rights? ● Reason and conscience can guide human beings to treat one another as equals. ● The ideals outlined shall be enforced equally in all of the world’s nations and governments. ● The Declaration of Human Rights shall be applicable only to Christian nations. ● Humans must cede some of their rights to governments in exchange for protection. CONCEPT Cold War and the Civil Rights Movement 6 In the summer of 1963, President John Kennedy stated his support for a civil rights bill. The bill he envisioned would give the federal government greater power to do which of the following actions? ● Arrest violent protestors ● Enforce school desegregation ● Oversee elections in Southern states ● Introduce affirmative action CONCEPT The Early 1960s 7 Identity politics emerged in the 1960s as movements began to focus on issues specific to the subgroups to which their participants belonged. Choose the true statement about the effects of the Black Power movement. ● " I supported nonviolence as the best strategy for social change." ● "I supported the decision to kick whites out of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee." ● “I learned that integration was the best way to solve problems in the African American community.” ● "It was easier for white Americans to support the aims of the Black Power movement than the traditional Civil Rights movement." CONCEPT The Rise of Identity Politics in America 8 Which of the following was an effect of the attack on Pearl Harbor? ● American support for fighting in World War II increased. ● American citizens were ordered to leave Japan and return to the U.S. ● Japan invaded the U.S. mainland. ● Great Britain entered World War II. CONCEPT The American Homefront 9 Which of the following World War II events happened first? ● Homes and businesses of German Jews were destroyed on Kristallnacht. ● Franklin Roosevelt committed to the Cash and Carry program. ● Japan invaded China and destroyed Nanking. ● Benito Mussolini granted himself dictatorial powers in Italy. CONCEPT Neutrality to Involvement 10 Federal housing policies prior to World War II and government agencies, such as the Home Owners' Loan Corporation, helped create ________. ● residential segregation ● equal access to home ownership ● low-income housing ● de jure segregation CONCEPT The Origins of Brown V Board 11 What was the purpose of the U.S. strategy of "island-hopping" in the Pacific? ● To seize outlying islands in order to get close enough to bomb the Japanese mainland. ● To protect the Philippines and other American holdings from being invaded. ● To weaken and divide Japanese troops by launching multiple attacks in multiple locations. ● To keep Japanese soldiers at sea rather than entrenched in fortified bunkers on land. CONCEPT Fighting World War II 12 Which of the following was associated with the counterculture movement in the 1960s? ● Experimenting with marijuana and psychedelic drugs ● Organizing sit-ins at lunch counters ● Registering African American voters in the South ● Protesting free speech policies at universities CONCEPT The Liberal Coalition Unravels 13 Which statement describes an effect of economic expansion in the 1950s? ● "It seemed as if everyone I knew had moved to the city." ● "White collar jobs became more plentiful, but jobs for working class men were still hard to find." ● "We chose not to have children so that we could enjoy ourselves and travel more." ● “We began to see more convenience stores and fast-food restaurants as car ownership increased.” CONCEPT Family Life in the 1950s 14 Looking at the election of Richard Nixon to the presidency in 1968 through ONLY the lens of class leads to which of the following conclusions? ● The disarray of the Democratic Party in Chicago aided Nixon's election by contributing to the sense that America was unraveling. ● Many voters were angry at the Kerner Commission's suggestion that white Americans were responsible for the creation of the racial ghetto. ● Republican voters accused the federal government of neglecting the needs of white rural Americans. ● The election of 1968 revealed a political realignment occurring in many of the Southern states. CONCEPT The Significance of 1968 15 Which of the following led to the United States abandoning its neutral stance in World War II? ● The Nye Committee found that bankers and industrialists had influenced America's involvement in World War I. ● The United States suffered a direct attack by Germany. ● President Franklin D. Roosevelt was convinced it was in the nation's best interests to support Great Britain. ● Hitler successfully invaded Great Britain. CONCEPT Neutrality to Involvement 16 Select the statement that best reflects John Kennedy's Flexible Response strategy during the Cold War. ● It favored displays of military strength over softer forms of diplomacy like economic aid. ● It was reluctant to embrace the idea of "massive retaliation" in response to Soviet aggression. ● It established a naval quarantine around Cuba to prevent the island from falling to Communism. ● It was the initial developer of the military-industrial complex. CONCEPT The Cold War Continues 17 Prior to Brown v. Board of Education, President Truman created a committee to ________. ● strike down racially discriminatory real estate covenants ● grant equal access to graduate education ● investigate racial discrimination in the United States ● desegregate sports CONCEPT The Origins of Brown V Board 18 In the same way that conditions of the Cold War encouraged political conformity, economic expansion in the 1950s encouraged __________ conformity. ● religious ● internal ● cultural ● psychological CONCEPT Family Life in the 1950s 19 Which of the following was a significant effect of containment policy and the Cold War on the American government in the 1940s and 1950s? ● The creation of new federal bodies, such as the National Security Council and the Central Intelligence Agency, to curtail Communist subversion at home and abroad ● The temporary suspension of the First Amendment in an effort to contain state secrets related to the atomic bomb ● A gradual acceptance of diverse views and behaviors related to sexuality and gender ● The expulsion of all persons of Russian descent from state and federal employment CONCEPT The Cold War in America 20 Which of the following is true about the Yalta Conference? ● It occurred after Germany's surrender but before Japan's. ● Germany was split into multiple zones of occupation. ● The Allied powers agreed to put Nazi officials on trial at the end of the war. ● The U.S. and the Soviet Union promised to fight Japan together. CONCEPT Origins of the Cold War 21 Which of the following was a factor in President Harry Truman's decision to drop atomic bombs on Japan? ● Concern that the Soviet Union would do so first ● Racism toward the Japanese ● A desire to test the bomb for the first time ● Germany’s conditional surrender CONCEPT Truman and the Atomic Bomb 22 What was one motivation behind the development of the United States' containment policy following World War II? ● To restrict the movement of European refugees after the war. ● To limit the expansion and influence of Communism in places currently undergoing decolonization. ● To defend against the military alliance formed between the Soviet Union and the postwar German government. ● To establish a "second front" between the Soviet Union and Communist China. CONCEPT Origins of the Cold War 23 Choose the statement that describes a way that conformity was encouraged among Americans during the Second Red Scare. ● "All Americans have access to good jobs thanks to the expansion of the Works Progress Administration." ● "Everyone is required to register for military service to defend the country from the Soviets." ● “Gays and lesbians go to great lengths to hide their sexual orientation for fear of losing their job and reputation.” ● "We must establish good relations with China to prevent Communists from committing espionage within the United States." CONCEPT The Cold War in America 24 President Harry Truman and secretary of state George Marshall proposed the Marshall Plan to Congress in 1947. Choose the statement that best summarizes the purpose of this plan. ● "We will create an alliance with Western Europe to fight against Soviet aggression." ● "We will provide financial and military assistance to any country resisting Communist aggression." ● "We will halt all trade with the Soviet Union and encourage European nations to do the same." ● “We will provide financial support to rebuild European countries and stem the spread of Communism.” CONCEPT The Cold War in Europe: The Iron Curtain Descends 25 Choose the statement that best explains why Richard Nixon represented a significant challenge to the Democratic Party in the 1968 presidential election. ● He believed that racial equality in the United States must be accompanied by economic equality. ● He represented the majority of Americans opposed to the social changes taking place in the country. ● His antiwar campaign was most popular with college students and idealistic young activists. ● He did not foresee making any significant changes to president Lyndon Johnson’s domestic or foreign policies. CONCEPT The Significance of 1968 26 Choose the statement that describes an economic consequence of the United States as an "arsenal of democracy" during World War II. ● "My community is growing wealthier every year." ● “As the war continued, the supply of weaponry became greater than demand and prices fell, causing many to lose their jobs.” ● "I thought the government should have adopted deficit spending during the war instead of focusing on keeping a balanced budget." ● "American businesses really suffered during the war when the government seized their factories to produce vehicles and weapons." CONCEPT Arsenal of Democracy 27 Which statement reflects an effect that World War II had on American workers? ● "I'm grateful that the government is helping me to take care of my children while I support the war effort." ● "The war has made it harder for me to find a well paid job that allows me to support my family." ● "As a woman, I feel excluded from the economic benefits the war has generated." ● "As a black man, Roosevelt's Executive Order 8802 prohibits me from taking advantage of opportunities in the defense industry." CONCEPT The American Homefront 28 "As part of the Lyndon Johnson administration's War on Poverty, my teenage son participated in a program which provided training and work experience so he could have the same advantages as others." What was the name of that program? ● Community Action Program ● Head Start ● Job Corps ● Teacher Corps CONCEPT Johnson's Vision: The Great Society 29 What did President Kennedy do in response to the Cuban Missile Crisis? ● He invaded Cuba and dismantled the missiles. ● He persuaded the Cuban leader to ally with the U.S. rather than the Soviet Union. ● He bombed the missile silos until they were damaged beyond repair. ● He demanded the Soviet Premier remove the missiles from Cuba. CONCEPT The Cold War Continues 30 Choose the action that reflects U.S. involvement in Vietnam during the Lyndon Johnson administration. ● The President was unwilling to de-escalate or withdraw from Vietnam because he feared being painted as “soft” on Communism. ● The first American military forces landed in Vietnam. ● The United States participated in negotiations to establish national elections that would reunify North and South Vietnam. ● The President approved a military coup to remove Diem from power in South Vietnam. CONCEPT The Early 1960s 31 Choose the statement that best reflects a reaction against Brown v. Board of Education by Southerners during the 1950s. ● “This ruling will destroy the friendly relationship between the white and black races.” ● "We will close all of the schools for black children in the South. ● “We will protest the desegregation of buses by refusing to use them.” ● "We disagree with this ruling in principle, but it will have little effect on daily life." 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