Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 3rd ed. Chapter 28: Growth and Development of the School-Age Child,100% CORRECT

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Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 3rd ed. Chapter 28: Growth and Development of the School-Age Child Answer Key Question 1 See full question During a health history assessment, the mother of a 10-... year-old girl tells you that her daughter does not have time to “play” because she is busy going to gymnastics, cheerleading, art class, flute lessons, reading club, and soccer. What should the nurse's response be? You Selected: • “Wow, that is a lot of stuff for a girl your age.” Correct response: • “Play helps children to develop cognitively, socially, physically, and emotionally.” Explanation: It is important to recognize that the child is busy with other activities but that this does not replace the need to engage in play. Children need time to play because it helps them to develop cognitively, socially, physically, and emotionally. Play at this age embodies the needs for rules and structures. Engaging in group activities allows children to be part of a social group. Reference: • Ricci, S.S., Kyle, T., Carman, S. Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health, 2017, Chapter 28: Growth and Development of the School-Age Child, p. 1057. Chapter 28: Growth and Development of the School-Age Child - Page 1057 Question 2 See full question The nurse is teaching a group of caregivers of school-age children about the importance of setting a consistent bedtime for the school-age child. Which statement made by a caregiver indicates an understanding of the sleep patterns and needs of the school-age child? You Selected: • "My child sleeps between 11 and 12 hours a night." Correct response: • "My child sleeps between 11 and 12 hours a night." Explanation: The school-age child needs 10 to 12 hours of sleep each night. Staying up late after taking an after-school nap, not knowing when the child is tired, and sleeping more than a teenager when compared with a school-age child refer to sleep behaviors and needs of children of younger and older ages. Reference: • Ricci, S.S., Kyle, T., Carman, S. Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health, 2017, Chapter 28: Growth and Development of the School-Age Child, p. 1064. Chapter 28: Growth and Development of the School-Age Child - Page 1064 Question 3 See full question The school nurse is working with a group of 6- to 8-year-old children. Which responsibility would the school nurse most likely have for this age child? You Selected: • Testing the children's vision and hearing Correct response: • Testing the children's vision and hearing Explanation: Vision and hearing screening should be performed before entrance to school and on a periodic basis (annual or biannual) thereafter. The school nurse often conducts these examinations. Most states have immunization requirements that must be met when the child enters school. During a physical examination at about the age of 10 to 11 years, the child is initially examined for signs of scoliosis (lateral curvature of the spine). Sex education is often limited to one classroom session, usually in the fifth grade, in which children are shown films about menstruation and their developing bodies. Reference: • Ricci, S.S., Kyle, T., Carman, S. Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health, 2017, Chapter 28: Growth and Development of the School-Age Child, p. 1054. Chapter 28: Growth and Development of the School-Age Child - Page 1054 Question 4 See full question The developmental task of the school-aged period, according to Erikson, is gaining a sense of: You Selected: • industry versus inferiority. Correct response: • industry versus inferiority. Explanation: Industry is learning how to do things well, the school-aged developmental task. Reference: • Ricci, S.S., Kyle, T., Carman, S. Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health, 2017, Chapter 28: Growth and Development of the School-Age Child, p. 1051. Chapter 28: Growth and Development of the School-Age Child - Page 1051 Question 5 See full question A mother tells you her 6-year-old has been biting his fingernails since he began first grade. After analyzing the cause of this as increased stress, the advice you would give his mother regarding this problem would be to: You Selected: • allow some time every day for the child to talk about new experiences. Correct response: • allow some time every day for the child to talk about new experiences. Explanation: Beginning school can be a time of extreme stress for children. Allowing them time to discuss these experiences helps them to put experiences in perspective and begin to deal with them. Reference: • Ricci, S.S., Kyle, T., Carman, S. Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health, 2017, Chapter 28: Growth and Development of the School-Age Child, p. 1067. Chapter 28: Growth and Development of the School-Age Child - Page 1067 Question 6 See full question During an annual visit of a 6-year-old boy, the nurse observes dental caries on two of the child's primary teeth. Which response by the parents suggests more education is needed regarding the importance of primary teeth? You Selected: • "These are only his baby teeth so we are not worried." Correct response: • "These are only his baby teeth so we are not worried." Explanation: Parents need to understand the value of the primary teeth and not see them only as temporary and soon-to-be replaced. Referral to a pediatric dentist and parental supervision of tooth brushing both lead to dental health and may be better appreciated once parents understand the importance of the primary teeth. Fluoride supplementation is not necessary if fluoride is part of the local water supply. Reference: • Ricci, S. S., Kyle, T., Carman, S. Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health, 2017, Chapter 28: Growth and Development of the School-Age Child, p. 1064. Chapter 28: Growth and Development of the School-Age Child - Page 1064 Question 7 See full question While treating a minor playground injury for an 8-year-old girl, the school nurse discovers that the injury was the result of bullying. What should be the nurse's first action? You Selected: • Assess the situation with the help of the school staff and parents. Correct response: • Assess the situation with the help of the school staff and parents. Explanation: Assessing the situation and following the school's bullying protocol will be an important first step. Immediately calling the bullied child's parents may be premature. Questioning those responsible for the bullying and determining if there have been other playground incidents of bullying may be part of the overall assessment, but would not be the first action taken. Reference: • Ricci, S. S., Kyle, T., Carman, S. Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health, 2017, Chapter 28: Growth and Development of the School-Age Child, p. 1069. Chapter 28: Growth and Development of the School-Age Child - Page 1069 Question 8 See full question The nurse at an elementary school is explaining the concept of industry versus inferiority to a group of nursing students. What is part of this stage of Erikson's theory? You Selected: • A sense of competence, mastery, and worth Correct response: • A sense of competence, mastery, and worth Explanation: Erikson states that school-agers receive satisfaction from developing new skills and successfully using them to accomplish goals (industry). Failing (without adult support) or being unable to meet expectations that are set too high can result in feelings of inferiority. Lacking the ability for abstract thought is a cognitive skill and part of Piaget's theory, as is the principle of conservation. The conventional stage belongs to Kohlberg's theory of moral development. Reference: • Ricci, S. S., Kyle, T., Carman, S. Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health, 2017, Chapter 28: Growth and Development of the School-Age Child, p. 1051. Chapter 28: Growth and Development of the School-Age Child - Page 1051 Question 9 See full question The nurse is taking a health history for a 12-year-old boy who is seriously overweight. Which general question would the nurse direct to the child's parents? You Selected: • "Is there a family history of hypertension, heart disease, or diabetes?" Correct response: • "Is there a family history of hypertension, heart disease, or diabetes?" Explanation: Parents would be more knowledgeable than the child regarding health problems within the family. The other questions are appropriate for the child to answer and may motivate him to think about meal patterns, diet, and exercise habits. The parents will benefit from listening to these questions also since their habits influence the child. Reference: • Ricci, S. S., Kyle, T., Carman, S. Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health, 2017, Chapter 28: Growth and Development of the School-Age Child, p. 1062. Chapter 28: Growth and Development of the School-Age Child - Page 1062 Question 10 See full question A hospitalized 7-year-old is recovering from a head injury. Occupational therapy has been ordered to assist the child in regaining eye/hand coordination. If the child cannot master this skill, what feelings may arise? You Selected: • A feeling of inferiority Correct response: • A feeling of inferiority Explanation: Children who are unsuccessful in completing activities during the school-age phase, whether from physical, social, or cognitive disadvantages, develop a feeling of inferiority. Answer Key Question 1 See full question The nurse is caring for a 6-year-old boy. During the course of a routine wellness examination, the mother proudly reports that the child eats whatever the mother puts on his plate. The nurse wants to emphasize the importance of allowing the child to make some of his own choices regarding the types of foods he eats. How should the nurse communicate this to the mother? You Selected: • "I want you to give him choices about the food he eats." Correct response: • "Now is the time to let him choose some of his meals." Explanation: With parents as well as children, it is more effective and less a matter of personal opinion to say "now is the time" rather than "you need," "I want you to," or "you must" do something. The nurse can emphasize the importance of the child participating in meal selection while encouraging the child's independence in a gentle manner. Reference: • Ricci, S.S., Kyle, T., Carman, S. Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health, 2017, Chapter 28: Growth and Development of the School-Age Child, p. 1062. Chapter 28: Growth and Development of the School-Age Child - Page 1062 Question 2 See full question The parents of an 8-year-old girl with a slow-to-warm temperament are concerned about their daughter's reaction when she visits the dentist for the first time after having a cavity filled at the last visit. How should the nurse respond? You Selected: • “Remind your daughter of the importance of proper oral hygiene.” Correct response: • “Remind her in simple terms what will happen in the dentist's office.” Explanation: Due to the girl's temperament, it is best if the parent's talk to the dentist before the first visit to find out exactly what the dentist will be doing and then describe to the child in simple terms what will occur. Reminding the child about the importance of proper oral hygiene is unhelpful. Telling the child that the dental checkup is just like going to see the pediatrician is untrue. It is inappropriate to advise the parents to not prepare the girl in advance. Reference: • Ricci, S.S., Kyle, T., Carman, S. Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health, 2017, Chapter 28: Growth and Development of the School-Age Child, p. 1055. Chapter 28: Growth and Development of the School-Age Child - Page 1055 Question 3 See full question An 8-year-old boy's foster mother is discussing her concerns about three recent cavities found in his permanent teeth. The mother reports that her child eats a nutritional diet, doesn't eat junk food, and the town water supply is fluoridated. What would the nurse suggest to this mother is the most appropriate in regard to the child's dental health? You Selected: • Ensure that the child brushes his teeth after each meal and snacks. Correct response: • Ensure that the child brushes his teeth after each meal and snacks. Explanation: Proper dental hygiene includes a routine inspection and conscientious brushing after meals. A well-balanced diet with plenty of calcium and phosphorus and minimal sugar is important to healthy teeth. Foods containing sugar should be eaten only at mealtimes and should be followed immediately by proper brushing. The school-age child should visit the dentist at least twice a year for a cleaning and application of fluoride. Reference: • Ricci, S.S., Kyle, T., Carman, S. Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health, 2017, Chapter 28: Growth and Development of the School-Age Child, p. 1064. Chapter 28: Growth and Development of the School-Age Child - Page 1064 Question 4 See full question The nurse is conducting teaching with families of school-age children. Which statement made by the nurse is most appropriate related to topics that would be covered with this group of individuals? You Selected: • “The school-age child needs 10 to 12 hours of sleep per night.” Correct response: • “The school-age child needs 10 to 12 hours of sleep per night.” Explanation: The school-age child needs 10 to 12 hours of sleep per night. They need to brush their teeth after every meal and at bedtime. A routine physical exam once a year is all that is necessary. Children are screened around the age of 10 or 11 for scoliosis. Reference: • Ricci, S.S., Kyle, T., Carman, S. Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health, 2017, Chapter 28: Growth and Development of the School-Age Child, p. 1064. Chapter 28: Growth and Development of the School-Age Child - Page 1064 Question 5 See full question When caring for hospitalized school-aged children, it is important to: You Selected: • consistently reinforce their worth. Correct response: • consistently reinforce their worth. Explanation: Helping children experience satisfaction in projects they complete helps them gain a sense of industry. Reference: • Ricci, S.S., Kyle, T., Carman, S. Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health, 2017, Chapter 28: Growth and Development of the School-Age Child, p. 1057. Chapter 28: Growth and Development of the School-Age Child - Page 1057 Question 6 See full question A 7-year-old has taken money from his brother's dresser on two occasions. When counseling his mother about this, you would advise her that: You Selected: • she may need to remind him of property rights. Correct response: • she may need to remind him of property rights. Explanation: As children begin to be aware of the importance of money, they may fail to realize that property rights regarding money need to be respected. Reference: • Ricci, S.S., Kyle, T., Carman, S. Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health, 2017, Chapter 28: Growth and Development of the School-Age Child, p. 1068. Chapter 28: Growth and Development of the School-Age Child - Page 1068 Question 7 See full question The nurse is providing information to the parents of a 6-year-old boy who has been caught lying at home and at school. Which information would the nurse share with the parents? Select all that apply. You Selected: • Suggest reading a story with the child about the consequences of lying. • Explain that children this age typically lie to avoid punishment. Correct response: • Explain that children this age typically lie to avoid punishment. • Suggest reading a story with the child about the consequences of lying. Explanation: Parents need to know that lying is common at this age and that it is usually done to avoid punishment. Reading the story would address the unacceptable behavior and reinforce the value of reading. Immediate and firm punishment precludes a calm, measured approach to the issue and may damage self-worth. An older child between 8 and 12 years is more likely to lie to impress friends. Reference: • Ricci, S. S., Kyle, T., Carman, S. Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health, 2017, Chapter 28: Growth and Development of the School-Age Child, p. 1068. Chapter 28: Growth and Development of the School-Age Child - Page 1068 Question 8 See full question A nurse is caring for a hospitalized 10-year-old. What would be an appropriate activity for this child to meet the developmental tasks of this age group? You Selected: • Writing letters to friends Correct response: • Participating in a craft project Explanation: During this stage, the child is interested in how things are made and run, and engaging in meaningful projects and seeing them through to completion. Reference: • Ricci, S.S., Kyle, T., Carman, S. Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health, 2017, Chapter 28: Growth and Development of the School-Age Child, p. 1052. Chapter 28: Growth and Development of the School-Age Child - Page 1052 Question 9 See full question An 8-year-old boy, who says he wants to be a doctor when he grows up, pleads with the nurse to let him put on his own band-aid after receiving an injection. The nurse agrees and watches as the boy very carefully lines the band-aid up with the mark left by the injection and applies it to his skin. Then he asks, "Did I do it right?" and waits eagerly for the nurse's feedback. The nurse recognizes in this situation the boy's attempt to master the primary developmental step of school age. What is that step? You Selected: • Industry Correct response: • Industry Explanation: During the early school years, children attempt to master their new developmental step: learning a sense of industry or accomplishment. Accommodation is the ability to adapt thought processes to fit what is perceived, such as understanding there can be more than one reason for other people's actions. Conservation is the ability to appreciate that a change in shape does not necessarily mean a change in size. Perfectionism is the desire to do something perfectly. The boy's desire to apply the band-aid "the right way" is a hallmark of the development of industry. The other answers are not as pertinent. Reference: • Ricci, S.S., Kyle, T., Carman, S. Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health, 2017, Chapter 28: Growth and Development of the School-Age Child, p. 1051. Chapter 28: Growth and Development of the School-Age Child - Page 1051 Question 10 See full question The school nurse is reviewing the chart of a 12-year-old student who has had excessive absences due respiratory infections. What is the best action by the nurse? You Selected: • Speak with the parents about the unusual increased number of respiratory infections Correct response: • Speak with the parents about the unusual increased number of respiratory infections Explanation: In the school-age child the respiratory system continues to mature with the development of the lungs and alveoli, resulting in fewer respiratory infections. Because the child is absent excessively for respiratory infections the nurse should speak with the parents to aid in determining if there is an underlying cause, or suggest the child visits the pediatrician to discuss the issue. Answer Key Question 1 See full question The school-age child develops the ability to recognize that if a block of clay is in a round ball and then is flattened, the shape changes but not the amount of clay. This child has developed an understanding of: You Selected: • conservation. Correct response: • conservation. Explanation: The skill of conservation is the ability to recognize that a change in shape does not necessarily mean a change in amount or mass. Reference: • Ricci, S.S., Kyle, T., Carman, S. Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health, 2017, Chapter 28: Growth and Development of the School-Age Child, p. 1052. Chapter 28: Growth and Development of the School-Age Child - Page 1052 Question 2 See full question A 10-year-old girl has a pattern of school success, solid peer relationships and a healthy family life. The girl's caregiver tells the nurse that for the past three weeks the child has reported abdominal pain and has even vomited and had diarrhea when it has been just about time for her to go to school. The girl tells the caregiver that she doesn't feel good. After the caregiver keeps her home from school, the girl is fine by midmorning. She is also fine on weekends. Which question should the nurse ask the caregiver first? You Selected: • “Have you explored with your child if something is causing her to be afraid to go to school?” Correct response: • “Have you explored with your child if something is causing her to be afraid to go to school?” Explanation: School phobia may be the child's unconscious reaction to a seemingly overwhelming problem at school. The parent can unwittingly reinforce school phobia by permitting the child to stay home. The symptoms—vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal or other pain, and even a low-grade fever—are genuine and are caused by anxiety that may approach panic. They disappear with relief of the immediate anxiety after the child has been given permission to stay home. Reference: • Ricci, S.S., Kyle, T., Carman, S. Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health, 2017, Chapter 28: Growth and Development of the School-Age Child, p. 1067. Chapter 28: Growth and Development of the School-Age Child - Page 1067 Question 3 See full question The father of an 11-year-old boy is worried that the child spends too much time watching TV. What information should the nurse share with this father? Select all that apply. You Selected: • Establish guidelines on when a child can watch TV. • The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends 2 hours or less of TV daily. Correct response: • The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends 2 hours or less of TV daily. • Establish guidelines on when a child can watch TV. • Watch programs together and discuss subject matter with the child. Explanation: The American Academy of Pediatrics recommendation is correct. The parents should establish guidelines on when the child can watch TV, such as after chores are completed. Using TV as a reward elevates its importance and may not decrease viewing time. Certain TV programs and video games have merit, yet both represent screen time with little activity difference between the two. The parents should watch TV with the child and use the opportunity to discuss the subject matter with the child. Reference: • Ricci, S. S., Kyle, T., Carman, S. Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health, 2017, Chapter 28: Growth and Development of the School-Age Child, p. 1066. Chapter 28: Growth and Development of the School-Age Child - Page 1066 Question 4 See full question During a well-child visit, an 11-year-old girl states to the nurse that she looks different from her friends who are wearing bras. What is an appropriate response? You Selected: • "It is normal for there to be differences in the time and rate girls your age develop." Correct response: • "It is normal for there to be differences in the time and rate girls your age develop." Explanation: Letting the girl know that differences are normal and that development occurs at different times and rates among girls her age is reassuring. Focusing on strengths is positive but talks around the child's concern. Telling her she has a common worry minimizes her complaint and provides no information. Concern about breast development does not equate to peer pressure. Reference: • Ricci, S. S., Kyle, T., Carman, S. Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health, 2017, Chapter 28: Growth and Development of the School-Age Child, p. 1051. Chapter 28: Growth and Development of the School-Age Child - Page 1051 Question 5 See full question A nurse is caring for a hospitalized 10-year-old. What would be an appropriate activity for this child to meet the developmental tasks of this age group? You Selected: • Participating in a craft project Correct response: • Participating in a craft project Explanation: During this stage, the child is interested in how things are made and run, and engaging in meaningful projects and seeing them through to completion. Reference: • Ricci, S.S., Kyle, T., Carman, S. Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health, 2017, Chapter 28: Growth and Development of the School-Age Child, p. 1052. Chapter 28: Growth and Development of the School-Age Child - Page 1052 Question 6 See full question A nurse overhears a 7-year-old calling her hospital roommate a vulgar name. What is the best action by the nurse? You Selected: • Inform the child that talking to the roommate using that language is not acceptable behavior. Correct response: • Inform the child that talking to the roommate using that language is not acceptable behavior. Explanation: Judgment about acceptable and unacceptable behavior is not well developed in children of this age and can possibly result in name-calling and the use of vulgar words. Reference: • Ricci, S.S., Kyle, T., Carman, S. Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health, 2017, Chapter 28: Growth and Development of the School-Age Child, p. 1054. Chapter 28: Growth and Development of the School-Age Child - Page 1054 Question 7 See full question A nurse is assigned to care for a 7-year-old with cystic fibrosis. The child wants to show the nurse his collection of baseball cards. The nurse understands that the collection of objects is common in this age group and is known as what type of thinking? You Selected: • Preoperational thinking Correct response: • Classification Explanation: An important change in thinking during the school-age period is classification, the ability to group objects into a hierarchical arrangement. Children in this age group love to collect sports cards, insects, rocks, stamps, coins, or anything else that strikes their fancy. These collections may be only a short-term interest, but some can develop into lifetime hobbies. Reference: • Ricci, S.S., Kyle, T., Carman, S. Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health, 2017, Chapter 28: Growth and Development of the School-Age Child, p. 1052. Chapter 28: Growth and Development of the School-Age Child - Page 1052 Question 8 See full question A parent brings a 6-year-old to the clinic and informs the nurse that the child is tired all the time even though the child sleeps 7 to 8 hours each night. What is the best response by the nurse? You Selected: • "Your child should be getting 11 to 12 hours of sleep per night with some quiet time after school." Correct response: • "Your child should be getting 11 to 12 hours of sleep per night with some quiet time after school." Explanation: The 6-year-old needs 12 hours of sleep and should be provided with a quiet time after school to recharge after a busy day in the classroom. Reference: • Ricci, S.S., Kyle, T., Carman, S. Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health, 2017, Chapter 28: Growth and Development of the School-Age Child, p. 1064. Chapter 28: Growth and Development of the School-Age Child - Page 1064 Question 9 See full question The nurse is assessing the moral developmental level of children being seen in the clinic according to the Kohlberg's conventional stage of moral development. Which children does the nurse determine have met this stage of development? Select all that apply. You Selected: • The 9-year-old child who tells his friends that they shouldn't throw rocks because they will "get in trouble" • The 10-year-old who states, "I sure wouldn't want to be my friend taking that bad report card home." Correct response: • The 8-year-old child who frequently asks the teacher if he is doing his math correctly • The 10-year-old child who visits his elderly neighbor three times per week • The 9-year-old child who tells his friends that they shouldn't throw rocks because they will "get in trouble" • The 7-year-old child who yells at his mother, "I don't understand why I can't go to the park!" • The 10-year-old who states, "I sure wouldn't want to be my friend taking that bad report card home." Explanation: In the conventional stage of moral development according to Kohlberg, the 7- to 10-year-old usually follows rules out of a sense of being a “good” person. He or she wants to be a good person to parents, friends, and teachers and to himself or herself. The adult is viewed as being right. The child believes an act is wrong only if it brings punishment, not because of the outcome of an act. The child in this phase also doesn't understand the reason behind rules, but can put self in another person’s position. Reference: • Ricci, S. S., Kyle, T., Carman, S. Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health, 2017, Chapter 28: Growth and Development of the School-Age Child, p. 1052. Chapter 28: Growth and Development of the School-Age Child - Page 1052 Question 10 See full question A 10-year-old child tells the school nurse that she is embarrassed that she is afraid of the dark. Which is the best response by the nurse? You Selected: • "It is normal for a 10-year-old to be afraid of the dark so there is no need to be embarrassed. Would you like to talk about it?" Correct response: • "It is normal for a 10-year-old to be afraid of the dark so there is no need to be embarrassed. Would you like to talk about it?" Explanation: The school-age child needs reassurance that his or her fears are normal for this developmental age. Parents, teachers, and other caretakers should discuss the fears and answer questions posed by the child. However, the adult should not embellish the fear in any way. In addition, telling the child that she will "grow out of it" is not reassuring to the child. Reference: • Ricci, S. S., Kyle, T., Carman, S. Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health, 2017, Chapter 28: Growth and Development of the School-Age Child, p. 1055 Answer Key Question 1 See full question A mother calls the advance practice pediatric nurse practitioner about her 7-year-old daughter's dental hygiene. The daughter has had three cavities. She does not know what to do and asks the nurse for guidance. How should the nurse respond? You Selected: • "Is there fluoride toothpaste available for her use?" Correct response: • "Are you able to supervise her brushing?" Explanation: The number one dental problem in middle childhood is tooth decay. Until age 7, the child may need assistance brushing her teeth. Children tend to concentrate on the front teeth, because they can see them easily and "forget" the teeth in the back. Parental oversight is needed to be sure those overlooked are brushed carefully. Reference: • Ricci, S.S., Kyle, T., Carman, S. Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health, 2017, Chapter 28: Growth and Development of the School-Age Child, p. 1064. Chapter 28: Growth and Development of the School-Age Child - Page 1064 Question 2 See full question An 8-year-old boy is doing well with adding and subtraction. His father asks for suggestions regarding projects that would help increase his understanding of conservation of mass. What project would the nurse suggest? You Selected: • Form vases from blocks of clay. Correct response: • Form vases from blocks of clay. Explanation: Children can generally add and subtract by the time they are 6. At about age 7, the child enters the concrete operational stage (as identified by Piaget). The skills of conservation (the ability to recognize that a change in shape does not necessarily mean a change in amount or mass) are significant in this stage. This begins with the conservation of numbers, when the child understands that the number of cookies does not change even though they may be rearranged, along with the conservation of mass, when the child can see that an amount of cookie dough is the same whether in ball form or flattened for baking. This is followed by conservation of weight, in which the child recognizes that a pound is a pound, regardless of whether plastic or bricks are weighed. Conservation of volume (for instance, understanding that a cup of water is the same amount regardless of the shape of the container) does not come until late in the concrete operational stage at about 11 or 12 years of age. Reference: • Ricci, S.S., Kyle, T., Carman, S. Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health, 2017, Chapter 28: Growth and Development of the School-Age Child, p. 1052. Chapter 28: Growth and Development of the School-Age Child - Page 1052 Question 3 See full question The nurse is discussing sleep and the amounts of sleep necessary for an 11-year-old child with the child's caregivers. For the child who gets up at 6:30 a.m., which bedtime would the nurse recommend the caregivers require the child to go to bed? You Selected: • 7:30 p.m. Correct response: • 9:30 p.m. Explanation: Exercise and sufficient rest are important for school-age children. Parents and caregivers need to help children balance their rest needs and their extracurricular activities. An 11-year-old child needs 9 to 10 hours of sleep per night. Reference: • Ricci, S.S., Kyle, T., Carman, S. Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health, 2017, Chapter 28: Growth and Development of the School-Age Child, p. 1064. Chapter 28: Growth and Development of the School-Age Child - Page 1064 Question 4 See full question The nurse is caring for a 10-year-old who has been admitted for surgery. What action would be the most important for the nurse to do when caring for this child? You Selected: • Answer questions the child asks regarding pain. Correct response: • Answer questions the child asks regarding pain. Explanation: School-age children need privacy more than younger children do and may not want to have physical contact with adults; this wish should be respected. These attitudes should be recognized and handled in a way that ensures as much privacy as possible. Children's questions, including those about pain, should be answered truthfully. An opportunity to verbalize anxieties will help a child deal with them. Family caregivers may feel guilty about the child's need for hospitalization and, as a result, may overindulge the child. The child may regress in response to this, but this regression should not be encouraged. Reference: • Ricci, S.S., Kyle, T., Carman, S. Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health, 2017, Chapter 28: Growth and Development of the School-Age Child, p. 1057. Chapter 28: Growth and Development of the School-Age Child - Page 1057 Question 5 See full question In working with the school-age child, the nurse recognizes this as characteristic of the school-age child: You Selected: • The child takes in new information at a rapid rate and asks “why” and “how.” Correct response: • The child has an increased attention span and can be interested in an activity for a long length of time. Explanation: The school-age child has a longer attention span and can become absorbed in a craft of activity for several hours. The preschool-age child soaks in information and asks “why” and “how” over and over. The toddler insists they can do things one minute and then becomes dependent the next minute. The infant grows and develops skills more rapidly than he or she ever will again. Reference: • Ricci, S.S., Kyle, T., Carman, S. Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health, 2017, Chapter 28: Growth and Development of the School-Age Child, p. 1053. Chapter 28: Growth and Development of the School-Age Child - Page 1053 Question 6 See full question Which statement best describes Erikson's psychosocial development task for the school-age child? You Selected: • The child is developing his own personal identity. Correct response: • The child wants to successfully complete activities. Explanation: The developmental task for the school-age child is to develop a sense of industry and completing activities builds that feeling of confidence. The adolescent is developing his or her own personality. Erikson's psychosocial developmental task for toddlers is to achieve autonomy (independence) and do things on their own. Learning to speak and to understand and respond to discipline are not developmental tasks according to Erikson. Reference: • Ricci, S.S., Kyle, T., Carman, S. Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health, 2017, Chapter 28: Growth and Development of the School-Age Child, p. 1051. Chapter 28: Growth and Development of the School-Age Child - Page 1051 Question 7 See full question On physical examination, you discover that a 6-year-old's palatine tonsils are somewhat enlarged in the back of his throat. Your best action would be to: You Selected: • record this as a normal early school-age finding. Correct response: • record this as a normal early school-age finding. Explanation: Lymphoid tissue reaches maximum growth in early school-aged children. Reference: • Ricci, S.S., Kyle, T., Carman, S. Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health, 2017, Chapter 28: Growth and Development of the School-Age Child, p. 1051. Chapter 28: Growth and Development of the School-Age Child - Page 1051 Question 8 See full question A nurse is caring for a hospitalized 7-year-old whose family members have been unable to visit for 2 days. The nurse is preparing a diversional activity for the child. Which activity would best be suited for a child in this age group? You Selected: • A paint-by-numbers activity Correct response: • A paint-by-numbers activity Explanation: Between the ages of 6 and 8 years, children begin to enjoy participating in real-life activities, such as helping with gardening, housework, and other chores. They love making things, such as drawings, paintings, and craft projects. Reference: • Ricci, S.S., Kyle, T., Carman, S. Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health, 2017, Chapter 28: Growth and Development of the School-Age Child, p. 1057. Chapter 28: Growth and Development of the School-Age Child - Page 1057 Question 9 See full question The parents of a 12-year-old boy voice concern to the nurse that their child wants to dress like peers and not the way they prefer. Which responses by the nurse are appropriate? Select all that apply. You Selected: • "Have you spoken with your son about his concerns and about your concerns? Open dialogue often helps in resolving these issues." • "Peer acceptance is an important part of development for children, especially at this age. Maybe talking about it with your son can lead to an agreement." Correct response: • "Have you spoken with your son about his concerns and about your concerns? Open dialogue often helps in resolving these issues." • "Peer acceptance is an important part of development for children, especially at this age. Maybe talking about it with your son can lead to an agreement." Explanation: It is important for late school-age children to feel accepted by peers. Lifelong effects can occur if they feel different and are teased. Dialogue is always a good way to resolve conflict so suggesting the parents talk and listen to their child is acceptable guidance by the nurse. Telling the parent what to do is not in the nurse's scope of practice. The situation does not warrant immediate counseling. Reference: • Ricci, S. S., Kyle, T., Carman, S. Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health, 2017, Chapter 28: Growth and Development of the School-Age Child, p. 1055. Chapter 28: Growth and Development of the School-Age Child - Page 1055 Question 10 See full question An 11-year-old boy continually is late for the bus, resulting in asking if it's okay to stay home that day from school. The parents ask the school nurse for advice on what they should do. What is the best response by the nurse? You Selected: • "Could both of you and your son come in for a conference so we can discuss this situation?" Correct response: • "Could both of you and your son come in for a conference so we can discuss this situation?" Explanation: While the child is demonstrating a sign of school phobia, it is not possible to determine this without talking with the child and the parents. Forcing him to get on the bus does not address the situation. Answer Key Question 1 See full question The nurse is caring for a 6-year-old boy. During the course of a routine wellness examination, the mother proudly reports that the child eats whatever the mother puts on his plate. The nurse wants to emphasize the importance of allowing the child to make some of his own choices regarding the types of foods he eats. How should the nurse communicate this to the mother? You Selected: • "Now is the time to let him choose some of his meals." Correct response: • "Now is the time to let him choose some of his meals." Explanation: With parents as well as children, it is more effective and less a matter of personal opinion to say "now is the time" rather than "you need," "I want you to," or "you must" do something. The nurse can emphasize the importance of the child participating in meal selection while encouraging the child's independence in a gentle manner. Reference: • Ricci, S.S., Kyle, T., Carman, S. Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health, 2017, Chapter 28: Growth and Development of the School-Age Child, p. 1062. Chapter 28: Growth and Development of the School-Age Child - Page 1062 Question 2 See full question The nurse is teaching a group of caregivers of school-age children about the importance of setting a consistent bedtime for the school-age child. Which statement made by a caregiver indicates an understanding of the sleep patterns and needs of the school-age child? You Selected: • "My child sleeps between 11 and 12 hours a night." Correct response: • "My child sleeps between 11 and 12 hours a night." Explanation: The school-age child needs 10 to 12 hours of sleep each night. Staying up late after taking an after-school nap, not knowing when the child is tired, and sleeping more than a teenager when compared with a school-age child refer to sleep behaviors and needs of children of younger and older ages. Reference: • Ricci, S.S., Kyle, T., Carman, S. Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health, 2017, Chapter 28: Growth and Development of the School-Age Child, p. 1064. Chapter 28: Growth and Development of the School-Age Child - Page 1064 Question 3 See full question The nurse is discussing the topic of obesity with a group of mothers of school-age children. Which statement made by the caregivers indicates the best understanding of factors that contribute to obesity? You Selected: • “I always cook foods that are low in fat.” Correct response: • “I always cook foods that are low in fat.” Explanation: Limiting dietary fat intake to no more than 35 percent of total calories help control the child's weight. Fast foods tend to have high fat and calorie content and contribute to obesity. Some children may have a genetic tendency to obesity, but environment and a sedentary lifestyle are a concern related to obesity. Caregivers must carefully supervise children's snacking habits to be sure that snacks are nutritious and not too frequent since this can lead to obesity. Reference: • Ricci, S.S., Kyle, T., Carman, S. Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health, 2017, Chapter 28: Growth and Development of the School-Age Child, p. 1063. Chapter 28: Growth and Development of the School-Age Child - Page 1063 Question 4 See full question A mother tells you her 6-year-old has been biting his fingernails since he began first grade. After analyzing the cause of this as increased stress, the advice you would give his mother regarding this problem would be to: You Selected: • allow some time every day for the child to talk about new experiences. Correct response: • allow some time every day for the child to talk about new experiences. Explanation: Beginning school can be a time of extreme stress for children. Allowing them time to discuss these experiences helps them to put experiences in perspective and begin to deal with them. Reference: • Ricci, S.S., Kyle, T., Carman, S. Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health, 2017, Chapter 28: Growth and Development of the School-Age Child, p. 1067. Chapter 28: Growth and Development of the School-Age Child - Page 1067 Question 5 See full question The parents of a school-aged child with school phobia have taken her to three different psychiatrists trying to resolve this problem. Based on this, which nursing diagnosis would be most appropriate? You Selected: • Compromised parental coping related to inability to enforce school attendance Correct response: • Compromised parental coping related to inability to enforce school attendance Explanation: School phobia may be a problem of both parent and child. Reference: • Ricci, S.S., Kyle, T., Carman, S. Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health, 2017, Chapter 28: Growth and Development of the School-Age Child, p. 1067. Chapter 28: Growth and Development of the School-Age Child - Page 1067 Question 6 See full question A hospitalized 7-year-old is recovering from a head injury. Occupational therapy has been ordered to assist the child in regaining eye/hand coordination. If the child cannot master this skill, what feelings may arise? You Selected: • A feeling of inferiority Correct response: • A feeling of inferiority Explanation: Children who are unsuccessful in completing activities during the school-age phase, whether from physical, social, or cognitive disadvantages, develop a feeling of inferiority. Reference: • Ricci, S.S., Kyle, T., Carman, S. Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health, 2017, Chapter 28: Growth and Development of the School-Age Child, p. 1052. Chapter 28: Growth and Development of the School-Age Child - Page 1052 Question 7 See full question A mother brings her 8-year-old daughter into the doctor's office because over the past year her tonsils have increased in size to the point that the mother is concerned that there is something wrong. The girl has no other symptoms, however. The nurse knows that this is most likely the cause of the enlarged tonsils: You Selected: • Normal growth of lymphatic tissue for this age Correct response: • Normal growth of lymphatic tissue for this age Explanation: The immunoglobulins IgG and IgA each reach adult levels during the school-age period; lymphatic tissue continues to grow in size until about age 9. The resulting abundance of tonsillar and adenoid tissue in schoolchildren is often mistaken for disease as the tonsils seem to fill the entire back of the throat. The fact that there are no other symptoms indicates that this child's enlarged tonsils are simply a result of the normal growth of lymphatic tissue for this age. Reference: • Ricci, S.S., Kyle, T., Carman, S. Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health, 2017, Chapter 28: Growth and Development of the School-Age Child, p. 1051. Chapter 28: Growth and Development of the School-Age Child - Page 1051 Question 8 See full question While observing a group of 9-year-old children at school, the nurse is concerned that one of the children is not cognitively developing according the Piaget's stage of concrete-operational thought processes. With which activity is the nurse concerned? You Selected: • Does not understand the phrase "slow as molasses" when used by the teacher Correct response: • Does not understand the phrase "slow as molasses" when used by the teacher Explanation: Piaget’s stage of cognitive development for the 7- to 11-year-old is the period of concrete- operational thoughts. In developing concrete operations, the child is able to assimilate and coordinate information about his or her world from different dimensions. Abstract thinking, such as understanding the meaning of the phrase "slow as molasses" is expected at this stage of cognitive development. Reference: • Ricci, S. S., Kyle, T., Carman, S. Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health, 2017, Chapter 28: Growth and Development of the School-Age Child, p. 1052. Chapter 28: Growth and Development of the School-Age Child - Page 1052 Question 9 See full question The school nurse is monitoring children as they arrive at school riding their bicycles. Which children should the nurse speak with about their riding habits? Select all that apply. You Selected: • The child who is wearing a book bag hanging off one shoulder • The child who is wearing flip flops when riding the bicycle to school • The child who wears a stocking cap under the helmet during cold weather Correct response: • The child who is wearing flip flops when riding the bicycle to school • The child who is wearing a book bag hanging off one shoulder • The child who wears a stocking cap under the helmet during cold weather Explanation: The child should wear a CPSC (Consumer Product Safety Commission) or Snell approved helmet during every bike ride. A proper fitting helmet should sit level, not tilted, and firmly and comfortably on the head; have strong, wide Y-shaped straps and when the mouth is opened the helmet should pull down a bit; not move with sudden pulling or twisting; never be worn over anything else (hat, scarf, etc.). Sturdy, well-fitting shoes should be worn; flip flops could get caught on the pedals and cause an accident. A book bag on one shoulder could cause the child to be off balance while riding the bike. Reference: • Ricci, S. S., Kyle, T., Carman, S. Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health, 2017, Chapter 28: Growth and Development of the School-Age Child, p. 1059. Chapter 28: Growth and Development of the School-Age Child - Page 1059 Question 10 See full question The nurse is talking with a school-aged child about her interests. In which interest do most school-aged children place the most focus? You Selected: • School Correct response: • School Explanation: The school-age child typically values school attendance and school activities. During school-age, the focus expands from family to teachers, peers, and other outside influences. [Show More]

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