ATI Anatomy and Physiology Proctored Review Exam /(150) Questions and Answers /Already Graded A

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ATI Anatomy and Physiology Proctored Review Exam | Questions and Answers 1. A+ blood is characterized by the absence of - B-antigen 2. After passing through the glottis inspired air then travel... s through - the Larynx 3. After sperm matures in the epididymis it goes where? - Vas Deferens 4. Average length of the female urethra - 1-1.5 inches 5. Bile aids in the digestion of - Fat 6. Where are blood cells produced? - Red bone marrow 7. Blood pH is measured by the gain and loss of - Hydrogen ions 8. Blood type that can only receive blood of same type? - Type O 9. Breastfeeding of an infant provides what kind of immunity? - Natural passive 10. Hormone produced by the thyroid gland, that is active in calcium metabolism? - Calcitonin 11. Plays an essential role in blood coagulation - Calcium 12. Calcium concentration in the blood is controlled by which gland? - Parathyroid gland 13. A wax like substance secreted by glands in the external ear canal - Cerumen 14. Characteristic of filtration of fluids through membrane of blood vessels. - Facilitated diffusion 15. Chemical buffer that normalizes the pH of 7.30? - Decrease in H+ ions 16. Describe the event of ovulation - Graafian follicle ruptures, releasing an ovum 17. Function of the ureters - Conduct urine from the kidneys to the bladder 18. Function of the gallbladder - Storage of bile 19. Function of the liver - Lipid metabolism 20. Iron containing component of a red blood cell - Hemoglobin 21. Hormone produced by the posterior pituitary gland - Antidiuretic hormone 22. Hormone that regulates urine output - Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) 23. If a warm body is dropped into cold water, what kind of heat loss takes place? - Hypothermia 24. Type of antibody that mediates the body’s response to all allergen - igE 25. a normal adult bladder has the capacity to hold up to how many milliliters of urine before involuntary micturition is likely to occur? - 600 mL 26. In a normal functioning, cardiovascular system where does the heartbeat originate? - SA node 27. The result of stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system - Increased cardiac output/ heart rate 28. Increase in this results in stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system? - Heart rate 29. An increase in what electrolyte can cause cardiac irregularities? And occurrence of too high concentration of what electrolytes is associated with cardiac arrhythmia? - Potassium 30. In the process of wound healing, what plays a role in clearing a wound of cellular debris? - Neutrophils 31. Primarily responsible for the trapping and destruction of old cells and invasive microorganisms through the process of phagocytosis? - Macrophages 32. Associated with the release of histamine when the body’s inflammatory response is triggered. - Mast cells 33. Measurement of percentage (%) of RBCs in whole blood - Hematocrit 34. Structure that filters foreign particles from lymphatic fluid - Nodes 35. Peripheral vasodilation results in heat through what process? - Radiation 36. Presence of food in the stomach causes secretions by the G cells & it is a hormone that stimulates secretin of greater amounts of gastric juices - Gastrin 37. Production of this is a function of the prostate gland? - Substance to enhance sperm motility 38. The release of histamine is associated with - Mast cells, which triggers inflammatory response 39. Hormone produced by kidneys plays role in regulation of fluid volume and pressure - Renin 40. Responsible for regulation of body temperature - Hypothalamus 41. Results of meiosis - Sperm and ova are produced 42. Stimulates the production of bile by the duodenum when food enters the small intestine. Also, stimulates production of bicarbonate juices by the pancreatic enzymes- amylase, lipase, trypsin - Secretin 43. Involved in the destruction of ingested pathogens - Stomach acid 44. Straightening the elbow by lowering hand effects which of the following muscles? - Triceps brachii 45. Testosterone is regulated in which gland? - Pituitary gland 46. Where are nutrients transported after being absorbed into the blood stream? - Small intestine 47. What blood type is universal recipient - Type AB 48. What blood vessels carry deoxygenated blood to the right atrium of the heart? - Superior and inferior vena cava 49. What bones is a component of the appendicular skeleton? - Symphysis pubis 50. What can cause black stools? - High levels of iron or upper gi bleed 51. What cardiac valve prevents blood from returning to the left ventricle of the heart? - Aortic valve 52. What causes blackheads? - Sebum that raps dirt in the pores 53. What cells are responsible for destruction of old cells and invasive organisms? - Macrophages through phagocytosis 54. What determines skin color? - Melanin in melanocytes 55. What does the respiratory system eliminate when there is an excess of hydrogen ions in the body? - Carbon dioxide 56. What do phagocytes do? - Engulf foreign particles in the blood stream 57. What dysfunction causes yellow sclera? - Jaundice, elevated bilirubin 58. What function is associated with the dermal layer of the skin? - Collagen formation 59. What gland has both endocrine and exocrine functions? - Pancreas 60. What happens to cells in hypertonic solution? - Cell shrivels and dies; absorbs more salt 61. What happens to cells in isotonic solution? - Cells are normal. Equal amounts of salt and fluid 62. What happens to cells in hypotonic solution? - Cells enlarge and burst; cell absorbs more fluid and has less salt 63. What must be present in the stomach in order for B12 absorption to occur? - Intrinsic factor ( R protein) 64. What electrolyte (ion) is the most abundant in extracellular fluid? - Sodium 65. What is associated with wound healing by PRIMARY intention? - Minimal scar tissue 66. What is a structure of the inner ear? - Cochlea 67. What is cushions? - Hyper secretion of the adrenal cortex, primal cortisol. Trunk of the body is large, and extremities are thin, skin and bones are fragile 68. What is function of surfactant in the alveoli of the lungs? - Increase surface area; prevent collapse 69. What structure is located at the end of the ear canal vibrates when the sound waves strike it? - Tympanic membrane 70. What is the function of the ureters? - To conduct urine from the kidneys to the bladders 71. What is the general pathway of blood through the heart? - Superior vena cava, Right atrium, Tricuspid valve, Right Ventricle, Pulmonary Semi- lunar valve, Pulmonary arteries, Lungs, Pulmonary veins, left atrium, Bicuspid valve, Left ventricle, Aortic valve, Aorta, Coronary vessels, Body 72. What it the largest vessel of the body? - Aorta 73. What is the order of the protective meningeal layers of the brain from inside out? - Pia mater, arachnoid mater, dura mater 74. What id the pacemaker of the heart? - SA node 75. What is the primary result of the pancreatic dysfunction? - Elevated blood sugar 76. Site of sperm maturation in the mal reproductive system? - Epididymis 77. What may indicate hypersecretion of thyroid hormones? - Weight loss 78. What mediates body’s response to stress? - Cortisol 79. What occurs as a result of the release of antidiuretic hormone? - Fluid volume in the body increases 80. What occurs at the beginning of systole? - The ventricles contract 81. What part of the central nervous system is responsible for control of involuntary respirations? - Medulla oblongata 82. What part of the nephron is closest to the collecting duct? - Distal convoluted tubule 83. What part of the uterine lining is involved in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle? - Functional layer, endometrium 84. What pituitary hormones stimulates the process of gametogenesis? - Follicle stimulating hormone 85. What effect does aldosterone secretion have on electrolyte levels? - Sodium levels INCREASE; - Aldosterone is secreted when a drop in extracellular sodium occurs. The hormone effect on the kidneys causes to retain sodium and return to blood 86. What the function of Angiotensin ll in the regulation of blood pressure? - Vasoconstriction; - When BP falls too low, Angiotensin ll causes “vasoconstriction” which causes an increase in BP 87. What is the role of platelets in homeostasis? - Formation of plugs 88. What stimulates the production of erythrocytes? - Erythropoietin 89. What structure comes after the ascending colon? - What structure is distal to the ascending colon? - *transverse colon 90. What structure is gastrointestinal system absorbs iron and bile salts? - Ileum 91. What structure is located between the descending colon and rectum? - Sigmoid colon 92. What structure of the respiratory system is the site of gas exchange? - Alveoli 93. What structure prevents food from being aspirated into the lungs? - Epiglottis 94. What tissue attaches muscle to bone? - Tendons 95. What tissue connects bones to joints? - Ligaments 96. What type of blood is universal blood donor? - Type O 97. What type of muscle tissue is under voluntary control? - Skeletal 98. What valve prevents back flow of blood from the right ventricle into the right atrium? - Tricuspid 99. What vitamin is absorbed through the skin? - Vitamin D 100. When blood leave the left ventricle of the heart what structures does it enter next? - Aorta 101. Where is renal filtrate formed? - In the glomeruli 102. Which direction does the diaphragm move with inspiration? - Contracts and moves downward, expanding the chest cavity. 103. Renal afferent arterioles supply blood what? - Glomerulus 104. Which of the following substances is involved in the destruction of ingested pathogens? - Stomach acid 105. Which of the following is the iron containing component of a red blood cell? - Hemoglobin 106. Which of the following structures is located between the descending colon and the rectum? - Sigmoid colon 107. Calcium concentration in the blood is controlled by which of the following glands? - Parathyroid 108. Which of the following types of muscle tissue is under voluntary control? - Skeletal 109. Which of the following is the hormone that regulates urine output? - Antidiuretic 110. Which of the following is a function of the gallbladder? - Storage of bile 111. Which of the following is a function of the ureters? - To conduct urine from the kidneys to the bladder 112. Which part of the brain regulates heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure? - Medulla oblongata 113. Which of the following hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary gland? - Antidiuretic hormone 114. Which of the following is associated with wound healing by primary intention? - A minimal scar tissue 115. Which of the following is a role of platelets in hemostasis? - Formation of plugs 116. Which of the following is a result of stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system? - Increased cardiac output 117. Which of the following tissues connects bones to joints? - Ligaments 118. Which of the following occurs as a result of the release of antidiuretic hormone? - Fluid volume in the body increases 119. The release of histamine is associated with which of the following? - Mast cells 120. Which of the following pituitary hormones stimulates the process of gametogenesis? - Follicle stimulating hormone 121. Which of the following is the average length of the female urethra? - 1 to 1.5 inches 122. Which of the following is the correct order of the protective meningeal layers of the brain from inside to outside? - Pia mater, arachnoid, dura mater 123. Which of the following hormones involved in fluid balance and is produced by the kidneys? - Renin 124. Which part of nephron is closest to the collecting duct? - Distal convoluted tubule 125. Blood pH is measured by the gain and loss of which of the following? - Hydrogen 126. Which of the following cardiac valves prevents blood from returning to the left ventricle of the heart? - Aortic 127. In the process of wound healing, which of the following plays a role in clearing a wound of cellular debris? - Neutrophils 128. Which of the following is the function of angiotensin ll in the regulation of blood pressure? - Vasoconstriction 129. Which of the following tissues attaches muscle to bone? - Tendon 130. Which of the following is a wax like substance secreted by glands in the external ear canal? - Cerumen 131. Which neurotransmitters plays an excitatory role in neuromuscular transmission? - Acetylcholine 132. What is Lacrimal gland? - The lacrimal gland is a bilobed, tear-shaped gland with the primary function of secreting the aqueous portion of the tear film, thereby maintaining the ocular surface. It is primarily located in the anterior, superotemporal orbit within the lacrimal fossa of the frontal bone. - The lacrimal gland plays a prominent role in the formation of the tear film, a trilaminar structure that performs the following functions: 1. provides a protective barrier for the ocular surface; 2. provides a smooth optical surface at the air-cornea interface; 3. functions as a medium for removal of debris. 133. The renal pyramids are separated from each other by extensions of the renal cortex called? - Renal columns 134. The primary structure found within the medulla is the? - Loop of Henle 135. The right kidney is slightly lower because? - It is displaced by the liver 136. After traveling through the proximal convoluted tubule glomerular filtrate enters which of the following nephron components? - Loop of Henle 137. Which hormone is responsible of alimentary motility? - 138. The common bile duct empties into which of the following structures of the GI tract - the upper part of the small intestine (the duodenum) 139. what is the most important nerve of the digestive tract? - Vagus 140. Which membrane resembles an apron draped over the abdominal organs? - Omentum 141. The elimination of gas that is produced during digestion and released from the anus is called. - Flatulence 142. Which enzyme is found in saliva - Ptyalin 143. A person w/ a frontal brain injury is likely to have a deficit in what? - Speech 144. Activation of b lymphocytes to produce antibodies is characteristic of which types of immunity? - 145. Which valve has two leaflets and is closed during the systolic phase of the cardiac cycle? - 146. Loss of body heat that occurs through submerge in cold water is an example of what? - Bowman’s capsule cup-shaped sack lined by a simple squamous epithelium (parietal surface) and specialized cells called podocytes (visceral surface) that participate in the filtration process; receives the filtrate which then passes on to the PCTs calyces cup-like structures receiving urine from the collecting ducts where it passes on to the renal pelvis and ureter glomerulus tuft of capillaries surrounded by Bowman’s capsule; filters the blood based on size loop of Henle descending and ascending portions between the proximal and distal convoluted tubules; those of cortical nephrons do not extend into the medulla, whereas those of juxtamedullary nephrons do extend into the medulla proximal convoluted tubules (PCTs) tortuous tubules receiving filtrate from Bowman’s capsule; most active part of the nephron in reabsorption and secretion renal pyramids six to eight cone-shaped tissues in the medulla of the kidney containing collecting ducts and the loops of Henle of juxtamedullary nephrons motility is the ability of organisms and fluid to move or get around alimentary Concerning food, nourishment, and the organs of digestion. 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