Santa Barbara City CollegeBMS 108BMS 108 Midterm 2 ( ALL ANSWERS CORRECTLY HIGHLIGHTED )

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HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY BMS 108 Midterm 1 17 October 2019 DR. BARRY D. TANOWITZ 1. Make sure that you have 7 pages and 54 questions – 80-point exam. 2. Read all questions carefully. 3. Carefully fill ... out your Scantron (fill in bubbles well and with pressure and erase well also). 4. If you do not understand a question, make sure you ask. 5. Good luck and have fun!!! 1. All of the following are correct with regard to electrical charge between ICF and ECF except… a. ICF is negative in the resting state d. ECF is negative in the resting state b. K+ typically has a higher concentration in the ICF e. involves cations and anions c. the cell is at RMP when not stimulated 2. Cells cannot afford to accumulate too much glucose because… a. it would require too much energy d. cells cannot easily acquire glucose b. the cell needs to make a lot of ATP e. too much oxygen would be required for catabolism c. it would affect osmolarity of the cell 3. All of the following are correct with regard to an autonomic reflex arc except… a. an afferent neuron has receptors embedded in an organ b. the interneuron forms synapses with the sensory neuron and the postganglionic neuron c. a dorsal root ganglion forms when a collection of afferent nerve cell bodies d. the nerve cell body of a preganglionic neuron resides in the CNS e. the postganglionic neuron has varicosities embedded in a body organ 4. All of the following are correct with regard to cellular respiration except… a. most ATP is formed on the inner mitochondrial membrane b. pyruvate enters the mitochondrion through diffusion c. glycolysis is an anaerobic process d. the hydrolysis of ATP is known as oxidative phosphorylation e. most of the E0 formed in CR is lost as heat 5. All of the following are correct with regard to EPSP’s except… a. they can undergo summation. d. can occur after K+ channels have closed b. occur at synapses e. diminish with distance c. can be produced by closing Na+ channels 6. All of the following are correct with regard to the PNS except... a. the ANS is a portion of the PNS d. parasympathetic neurons can emanate directly from the brain b. it contains afferent and efferent neurons e. the SNS only produces effects on skeletal mm tissue c. always receives sensory information from the CNS Last Name ________________________________ First ______________ MT1BMS108Fall19 —2 Match the following features with graded and action potentials in neurons: (answers can be used more than once) A7. suprathreshold a. action potentials A8. non-decremental b. graded potentials B9. not all-or-none responses 10. All of the following transport mechanisms require chemical energy input except movement of… a. water moving from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration b. a substance against a concentration gradient. c. a solute moving from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration d. Na ions out of a cell with a low concentration of Na ions to an ECF with a high concentration of Na ions. e. potassium ions into the ICF from the ECF 11. If the calcium ions were removed from the ECF surrounding a neuron, this would inhibit the ability of the neuron to… a. produce action potentials d. degrade neurotransmitters b. to change the absolute refractory period e. release neurotransmitters c. responds to the binding of a neurotransmitter to its receptor 12. All the following are correct with regard to graded potentials except… a. will diminish with time and distance d. affect post-synaptic membranes b. can result in EPSPs or IPSPs e. after-hyperpolarization phase opens potassium gates c. can occur on a variety on dendrites & cell bodies 13. Depolarization of terminal boutons in a pre-synaptic neuron results in the opening of V-G Ca++ channels and the influx of Ca++ into the cytoplasm directly stimulates… a. the opening of V-G K+ channels d. Excitation of the post-synaptic cell b. Inhibition of the post-synaptic cell e. exocytosis of NTs into the synaptic cleft c. an AP at the axon hillock 14. Action potentials in neurons... a. can normally be stopped or diminish in magnitude d. occur only in motor neurons b. are all-or-none e. are usually spontaneous c. are variable in duration 15. The resting membrane potential… a. can occur only in excitable cells d. is equivalent in all cells b. is due to V-G K+ ion channels e. is close to the equilibrium potential for K+ c. is equivalent to the threshold potential 16. In a resting neuron… a. Na+ reach their equilibrium potential b. The plasma membrane is impermeable to Na+ c. Na+ are pumped out from the cell using facilitated diffusion d. Na+ move down their electrochemical gradients after hyperpolarization e. The [Na+] is greater outside the cell than the inside 17. Ion channels that can be opened by chemical stimuli are known as… a. polar. c. hypertonic. e. ligand-gated. b. aquaporins. d. voltage-gated. 18. The fastest rate of action potential propagation occurs in __________ neurons via __________ . a. myelinated neurons – continuous conduction d. unmyelinated axons – continuous conduction b. unmyelinated neurons – continuous conduction e. myelinated neurons – synaptic conduction c. myelinated axons – saltatory conduction Last Name ________________________________ First ______________ MT1BMS108Fall19 —3 19. All of the following are aspects of osmosis except… a. increased [solute] results in increased OP d. water moves from areas of high [solute] to low [solute] b. water has an OP of zero e. water moves areas of [high] to [low] c. requires osmotically active solutes 20. EPSPs from three different synapses occur at the same time and result in a larger depolarization than either one alone can cause. This is an example of: a. membrane stabilization d. spatial summation b. pre-synaptic inhibition e. temporal summation c. pre-synaptic facilitation 21. A molecule passes through the plasma membrane. It is too large to pass through a protein channel. Which of the following processes would allow it to pass through the membrane by expending energy? a. osmosis d. active transport b. non-carrier-mediated transport e. simple diffusion c. facilitated diffusion 22.The neurons that transmit APs from an organ like the stomach or intestines would be classified as derived from the… a. sensory afferent division d. visceral afferent division b. somatic afferent division e. special sensory afferent neurons c. efferent division 23. Which of the following statements is correct with regard to IPSP’s? a. Graded depolarization of the plasma membrane. d. Graded hyperpolarization of the plasma membrane. b. Bring the membrane potential closer to threshold. e. Occur only in the axons of neurons. c. Considered all-or-none responses. 24. All of the following are correctly matched except… a. osmoreceptors – osmotic pressure d. photoreceptors -- vision b. thermoreceptors -- temperature e. nociceptors – cold c. proprioceptors – movement 25. The ANS innervates and controls all of the following structures/organs except… a. skeletal muscle tissue d. cardiac muscle tissue b. smooth muscle tissue e. glands that release hormones c. endocrine and exocrine glands MARK ‘A’ FOR TRUE AND ‘B’ FOR FALSE FOR THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS [Show More]

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