NURS 8022 Chapter 22: Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

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1. A 2-year-old male presented with growth and maturation retardation and splenomegaly. He died shortly after arriving at the ER. Autopsy revealed thalassemia secondary to defective: a. erythrocyte ... membranes. b. iron metabolism. c. stem cell formation. d. hemoglobin synthesis. ANS: D Thalassemia would be secondary to defective hemoglobin synthesis; it is not due to erythrocyte membrane abnormalities, defective iron metabolism, or defective stem cell formation. REF: p. 561 2. A 1-year-old female is diagnosed with anemia secondary to insufficient erythropoiesis. The most likely cause is: a. genetic factors. b. an iron deficiency. c. a hemoglobin abnormality. d. an erythrocyte structural abnormality. ANS: B The most common cause of insufficient erythropoiesis is iron deficiency, not genetic factors, not a hemoglobin abnormality, not an erythrocyte structural abnormality. REF: p. 554 3. A 12-month-old toddler weighing 18 pounds is brought to the clinic because of weakness, slow physical growth, and developmental delays. His mother reports that the only food he will consume is cow’s milk. The symptoms support a diagnosis of which form of anemia? a. Pernicious b. Iron deficiency c. Aplastic d. Hemolytic ANS: B As many as one-third of infants with severe iron deficiency anemia have chronic intestinal blood loss induced by exposure to a heat-labile protein in cow’s milk. Such exposure causes an inflammatory gastrointestinal reaction that damages the mucosa and results in diffuse hemorrhage. This situation does not lead to pernicious anemia, aplastic anemia, or to hemolytic anemia. REF: pp. 554-555 [Show More]

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