Unit 2 Pre-Class Answers

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Chapter 5: Inflammation and Healing 1. List and describe each of the 3 body defense mechanisms: a. 1 st line – mechanical barriers: Physical [skin, mucus membranes] & Chemical [lysosome-saliva/t... ears, skin’s acidic pH & fatty acid content, lactic acid & high salt concentrations in sweat] b. 2 nd line – nonspecific mechanisms: Phagocytosis, Inflammation, Fever, Antimicrobial Proteins [Interferon & Complement] c. 3 rd line – specific defense: Immune Response, Cell-mediated and/or Humoral Response; B and T cell; lymphocytes undergo selective process that specializes them for reacting to only 1 specific antigen or immunogen 2. What is the definition of inflammation? Body’s nonspecific response to tissue injury, resulting in redness, swelling, warmth, pain, & sometimes loss of function; intended to localize and remove an injurious agent. 3. What are possible causes of inflammation? Direct physical damage [cuts, sprains, caustic chemicals-acids/alkali, ischemia/infarction, allergic reactions, extremes of hot/cold, foreign body-splinters/glass, and infection. 4. Why is inflammation helpful to the body? It begins the process of healing, diluting toxic materials with ↑ of fluid to area, allows for clotting, antibodies arrive to fight any invading microbes, fibrin mesh started-begins wound closure ↓ microbe entry access, ↑ permeability brings more nutrients to heal faster. 5. Which cells phagocytize bacteria and microbes? 2 listed Neutrophils phagocytize bacteria; Macrophages leave bloodstream & phagocytize microbes. 6. Overall, what is the role of chemical mediators in inflammation? Damaged Mast cells and platelets release chemical mediators [histamine, serotonin, prostaglandins, & leukotrienes] into interstitial fluid & blood. They aid in triggering the inflammation, prolonging, and can intensify the effects of other chemicals w/in response; some effects can be reduced by antihistamines and anti-inflammatory drugs. a. What are cytokines specific role? Cytokines are communicators in tissue fluids, they send messages to lymphocytes and macrophages, immune system, or hypothalamus to induce fever [Show More]

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