NUR 2392 / NUR2392: Multidimensional Care II / MDC 2 Exam 1 Blueprint (Latest 2021 / 2022) Rasmussen

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Tumor 1. Define (associate the 9 characteristics/features of each) Benign: • Specific morphology – resemble the tissues they originated from • A smaller nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio – ... similar to normal cells • Specific differentiated function – contributes to the body function • Tight adherence - bind closely together due to the production of fibronectin • No migration – do not invade other tissues • Orderly growth – rate of growth is normal by expansion • Euploidy – normal chromosomes per cell Malignant tumor: • Anaplasia – loss of appearance of parent cell • A larger nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio – larger nucleus • Specific functions are lost – serve no purpose • Loose adherence – loosely bound due to the lack of fibronectin production • Migration – spread easily (metastasize) • Contact inhibition does not occur – loss of cellular regulation • Rapid or continuous cell division – loss of cellular regulation • Aneuploidy – Abnormal chromosomes 2. What elements influence the growth of a cancer tumor? • Exposure to the carcinogens (tobacco, radiation, chemotherapy, hormone drugs, pollution) • Genetic predisposition • Immunity 3. List and describe the steps of the Carcinogenesis: 1. Initiation – normal cells become damaged which is irreversible and leads to cancer development 2. Promotion – repeat exposure enhances cell growth which leads to mutation 3. Progression – increase in the production of malignant cells 4. Metastasis – movement of cells from the primary site 4. What step in carcinogenesis is irreversible? - Initiation ...............................continued [Show More]

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