Pearson Edexcel International GCSE (9–1). Physics Unit: 4PH1 Science (Double Award) 4PH1/4SD0 Paper: 1P. 2022

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FORMULAE You may find the following formulae useful. energy transferred = current × voltage × time E I  V t  frequency time period = 1 f T = 1 power work done time taken = P W t =... power energy transferred time taken = P W t = orbital speed orbital radius time period  2  v r T  2   (final speed)2 = (initial speed)2 + (2 × acceleration × distance moved) v u 2 2   ( ) 2  a s pressure × volume = constant p V 1 1   p V 2 2  pressure temperature = constant p T p T 1 1 2 2 = Where necessary, assume the acceleration of free fall, g = 10 m/s2.*P68386A0332* Turn over 3 Answer ALL questions. 1 The passage describes the evolution of a star with a mass that is much larger than the mass of the Sun. Use words or phrases from the box to complete the passage. Each word or phrase may be used once, more than once, or not at all. (6) chemical contract expand gravitational kinetic main sequence neutron star nuclear protostar supernova vibrate white dwarf Hydrogen atoms in a nebula move towards each other due to the force of gravity. As the atoms move towards each other, their .......................................................................................... energy store increases, which increases the temperature. If the temperature becomes high enough, nuclear fusion of hydrogen will start and the star enters the .......................................................................................... stage of its evolution. When hydrogen fusion stops in the core of the star, the core of the star will start to .......................................................................................... . This increases the temperature in a layer surrounding the core. Hydrogen fusion restarts in a layer surrounding the core. This causes the star to .......................................................................................... and its surface temperature decreases. The star is now a red super giant. Eventually nuclear fusion stops in the core of the star and the star explodes as a .......................................................................................... . The core of the star collapses to form either a .......................................................................................... or a black hole. (Total for Question 1 = 6 marks)4 *P68386A0432* 2 (a) A speed camera is positioned at the side of a road. © Darryl Sleath/Shutterstock The camera measures the speed of a vehicle on the road to determine whether the vehicle is travelling too fast. The camera takes two photographs of the vehicle 0.25 s apart. The photographs are used to measure the distance travelled by the vehicle during this time. (i) State the formula linking average speed, distance moved and time taken. (1) (ii) In the time between the two photographs, the car travels a distance of 6.5 m. Calculate the average speed of the car. (2) average speed = ............................................................ m/s (iii) The speed limit of the road is 80 kilometres per hour. Determine whether the car is exceeding the speed limit. [Show More]

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