AAC Exam 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS(SCORES 100%)

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AAC Exam 2 Highly functional words and phrases, typically beginning with items related to basic functional needs, brief social exchanges, and other information necessary across MOST environments.... Correct Answer: core vocabulary Includes words and expressions that are particularly content-rich, topic-related, and specific to particular individuals/activities/environments. Correct Answer: fringe vocabulary ______ vocab must be highly reinforcing and responsive to the communicative and basic needs of the user. Correct Answer: core ______ vocab should reflect a wide variety of communicative functions. Correct Answer: core _____ vocab contains expressions that customize the system for the individual as well as for specific interactions and situations in which the individual is involved. Correct Answer: fringe _____ vocab should include diversity and language richness to enhance participation and interaction in various ADL and be accessible across activities. Correct Answer: fringe What are the 6 categories of AAC aids? Correct Answer: 1. Simple Communication Boards or Books 2. Simple and/or Low-Cost Single-Level Devices 3. Leveling or Layering Devices 4. Dynamic Display Devices 5. Icon Sequencing/Semantic Compaction/Minspeak Devices (Unity) 6. Text-Based Spelling or Writing Devices *AAC aid category:* •No voice output •Usually homemade •Format depends on the person's symbol use and motor skills Correct Answer: Simple Communication Boards or Books *AAC aid category:* •Have voice output •Use digitized speech o Digitized speech - person's recorded voice o Synthesized speech - computer-generated speech •Can record one message for each key/button on the device •Variety of sizes and styles Correct Answer: Simple and/or Low-Cost Single-Level Devices *AAC aid category:* •Have voice output •Voice is digitized but may be synthesized •Can store multiple levels/pages/layers of messages •Levels/pages/layers are paper overlays inserted into the device - have to change the overlay when changing the level so the symbols match the recording •Variety of sizes and styles Correct Answer: Leveling or Layering Devices *AAC aid category:* •Have voice output •Usually have synthesized speech •Similar to a leveling device but the levels are all electronic •These devices use touch screen technology - levels change automatically Correct Answer: Dynamic Display Devices *AAC aid category:* •Have voice output (usually synthesized) •Use a limited number of symbols that stay in a consistent location - based on the idea of motor planning •Symbols represent words/concepts •The user sequences the symbols to make various combos of words/phrases Correct Answer: Icon Sequencing/Semantic Compaction/Minspeak Devices (Unity) *AAC aid category:* •Have voice output that's almost always synthesized •Uses keyboard format with either a qwerty layout or customized layout •For people whose literacy skills allow their communication needs to be met through text without picture symbols •May use rate enhancement techniques Correct Answer: Text-Based Spelling or Writing Devices Why adapt toys/activities for play/leisure? Correct Answer: • Promotes independence and participation • Builds self-esteem • Play is a child's work • Leisure activities are an integral part of the lives of adolescents and adults • Makes activities accessible motorically and cognitively • Provides a means and opportunity for interaction • Allows patient to be active participant vs. passive observer • Build on existing abilities How can you stabilize toys? Correct Answer: o Dycem or shelf liner o Velcro or Dual-Lock (Duo-Lock) In what ways can toys be adapted? Correct Answer: • Enlarge • Texture • Change the position of the toy/appliance • Switches (if other adaptations are not enough, try switch adapting) *Adaptation methods which includes:* o Find larger parts/pieces, toys/appliances o Add foam, padding, knobs, handles, etc. Correct Answer: enlarge *Adaptation methods which includes:* o PVC Stands o Easels o Slant Boards Correct Answer: changing the position What does SLAT stand for? Correct Answer: Switch Latch & Timer Why would you need to use a SLAT? Correct Answer: •To decrease fatigue and for patients who can't maintain switch activation for any period of time. *Can be timed (seconds and minutes) or latched (on-off) options How do you temporarily switch adapt off the shelf toys? Correct Answer: *Using battery interrupters* o Copper disc fits inside battery compartment to interrupt the loop o The loop closes when switch is activated o Provided means for temporarily switch-adapting "off the shelf" battery powered toys and appliances with simple on/off functions o Can be made or purchased Switch which requires surface pressure to activate; must depress switch; examples: Big Red, Jelly Bean, Buddy Button, Micro Light, etc. Correct Answer: Pressure Switch Switch which requires touch of surface but not use of pressure; skin moisture activates the switch; examples: Pal Pad, Taction Pad. Correct Answer: Membrane Switch Switch which is activated by bending in any direction; examples: Ribbon Switch, Ultimate Switch. Correct Answer: Leaf Switch Switch which is activated by tilting; typically utilized on head. Correct Answer: Mercury/Tilt Switch Switch which senses the slightest muscle movement; have to adjust sensitivity carefully; examples: Twitch Switch and P-Switch. Correct Answer: Muscle/Twitch/P-Switch Switch which sends air through a tube via grip/squeeze (grip switch) or via breath (sip 'n puff switch); examples: Grip Switch (Dual Purpose Sensitive Switch) Correct Answer: Pneumatic Switch Switch where the user must break the infrared beam for switch activation; examples: Scatir and IST (infrared/sound/touch switch). Correct Answer: Infrared Switch Switch that is activated via vocalization; examples: IST, Voice Switch Correct Answer: Sound Switch Switch where the user is only required to get near the switch (approximate it) to activate it; examples: Movement Sensor Switch. Correct Answer: Proximity Switch Switch that is activated via brain wave activity; examples: Cyberlink, Brainfingers. Correct Answer: Brain Activated Switch A process in which the facilitator points out picture symbols on the child's communication display in conjunction with ongoing verbal language stimulation. Correct Answer: Aided Language Stimulation (ALS) _____ is a strategy that assists with language comprehension. Correct Answer: Aided Language Stimulation (ALS) Why is Aided Language Stimulation (ALS) important? Correct Answer: AAC users are asked to produce communication with the assumption that they understand communication. For users with poor _______, focusing only on production can make learning the AAC system very difficult. Correct Answer: language comprehension What are the advantages of using Aided Language Stimulation (ALS)? Correct Answer: o Imitates typical language development through modeling. o Illustrates the meanings of picture symbols. o Models device use purposefully and contextually. o Reinforces the effectiveness of the system. o Demonstrates that AAC use is an acceptable form of communication. o A communication board is typically utilized less than one would expect. o Communication boards are often utilized only to respond to facilitator (answering questions). o Many children utilize AAC just to talk to adults. How do you use Aided Language Stimulation (ALS) to communicate? Correct Answer: o Use single words or short phrases to describe activities. o Speak slowly and use frequent pauses. o Utilize repetition. o Use symbols when the student indicates something nonverbally. o Expand/recast the student's symbol use into phrases, o Can use a pointer for students who don't attend to the activity. When designing a communication board, you should arrange symbols left to right in sentence order and color code according to ______. Correct Answer: grammatical category When utilizing a communication board, you should introduce new symbols when the student spontaneously uses ___% of the existing symbols. Correct Answer: 80% _____ is not a pointing system - it is an exchange of communication between partners. Correct Answer: PECS (Picture Exchange Communication System) With PECS, ______ are NOT used, thus building immediate initiations of speech and avoiding prompt dependency. Correct Answer: verbal prompts A four-part model intended to make collaborative decision making; not a protocol, just [Show More]

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