NUR 2502 / NUR2502: Multidimensional Care III / MDC 3 Exam 1 (Latest 2020/ 2021) Rasmussen College

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Risk factors: Breast Cancer  Non-modifiable: o Increased age, genetics (BRCA1, BRCA2), family hx, late menopause, early menarche  Modifiable: o Lack of exercise, diet, alcohol consumption, ... obesity, lack of breast-feeding, breast implants, smoking, birth control and hormone therapy, no pregnancies Psychosocial Assessment: Breast Cancer  Fear, shock, disbelief  Previous history of mental illness, age, and life circumstances can increase distress  Encourage expression  Refer to support group  Assess her concerns related to sexuality Pharmacology: Breast Cancer  Chemotherapy: o Doxorubicin, Cytophosphamide, Paclitaxel  Targeted Cancer Therapies: o Target specific characteristics of cancer cells: protein, enzyme, new blood vessel formation o Trastuzumab  Hormonal Drugs: o Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone inhibitor blocks the production of estrogen in the ovaries o Leuprolide  Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators: o Block estrogen and women with hormone-receptor positive breast CA o Tamoxifen Health Promotion and Maintenance: Breast Cancer  Teach to use multiple methods for early detection: o Mammography o Breast self-awareness/self-exam – more than 90% are detected by patient o Clinical breast exam  Option for high-risk women: o Close surveillance, annual MRIs, prophylactic mastectomy 2 Risk Factors: Breast Cancer in Men  Family hx (M or F), BRCA ½ mutation, previous radiation, diabetes, gynecomastia, testicular disorders, obesity Treatment: Breast Cancer in Men  Treatment same universally for men and women S/S: Breast Cancer in Men  Usually presents as hard, painless, sub-areolar mass  Bloody nipple d/c  Rash around nipple  Possible swollen lymph nodes Genetic Predisposition  Strong risk factor for breast cancer in young men Often, younger women have more aggressive forms of breast disease, true or false?  True Why is breast cancer screening less effective in younger women?  The breasts are more dense Uterine Leiomyomas/Fibroids/Myomas  A benign, slow-growing solid tumor that occurs from the overgrowth of smooth muscle and connective tissue in the uterus.  Classified based on their position in the uterus Treatment: Uterine Leiomyoma  Non-surgical: o HRT, oral contraceptives  Surgical: o Laparoscopic myomectomy, hysterectomy Intramural  Contained in the uterine wall within the muscle layer Submucosal  Protrudes into the cavity of the uterus and can cause bleeding Subserosal  Protrudes through the outer surface of the uterine wall Risk Factors: Uterine Leiomyomas 3  Genetics, no pregnancies  The exact causes unknown, but it may result due to a genetic predisposition and be related to hormone production.  Incidence increases with age and is higher in non-childbearing women. S/S: Uterine Leiomyoma  Abdominal pain, pelvic pain, heavy vaginal bleeding, constipation, urinary frequency, abdominal distention, painful intercourse, and fertility, none too heavy menstrual bleeding, prolonged periods Pelvic Organ Prolapse  Can result in the supporting structures, such as the muscles and ligaments in the pelvis, can no longer support the pelvic organs, such as the uterus, bladder, or rectum.  The degree is based on the degree of descent of the uterus through the pelvic floor. Risk Factors: Pelvic Organ Prolapse  Advancing age, menopause, obesity, chronic cough, prolonged labor, delivering large babies, multiple pregnancies, decreased estrogen [Show More]

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