Frontend Development 1 Terms Questions and Answers 100% correct

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User Interface (UI) - ANSWER The environment where users interact with a program. Examples include console applications, Windows applications, and Web applications. User Experience (UX) - ANSWER a ... concept in application design that evaluates a person's feelings and attitudes toward using a particular product, system, or application. UX enables the development of applications that are centered on ease of use and accessibility for the user. HTML - ANSWER Hypertext Markup Language is the core language for structuring web page content. CSS - ANSWER Cascading Style Sheets is a language that provides formatting and layout for a web page's content (HTML). JavaScript - ANSWER A language primarily known for providing event handling, form validation and programming logic in the browser, extending the functionality of web page content. However, JavaScript can also be used as a programming language on the web server for certain types of development. Front End - ANSWER The part of a web application that a user interacts with. Typically this is a website. Middle Tier - ANSWER The part of a web application that performs the actual processing of data. Back End - ANSWER The data that a user is interacting with on a web application, such as a list of customers or information about products they can purchase. Full Stack - ANSWER A web development skillset that incorporates knowledge of front end, middle tier, and back end programming. A full stack developer has enough knowledge to build a complete web application. HTTP - ANSWER Hypertext Transfer Protocol is the communications standard that browsers use to communicate with web servers, allowing them to request pages and pass user input over the Internet. HTTPS - ANSWER Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure also allows browser to communicate with web servers, but it is slower and more secure because it handles the encryption and decryption of information being passed. Web page - ANSWER A file that utilizes HTML to mark up or describe its content and can be viewed in a browser. Website - ANSWER A folder of webpages and additional resources, often hosted and available on the Web and associated with a domain name. Web Application - ANSWER A program that exists on the internet, rather than a desktop, that a user interacts with, as opposed to a static web page that never changes and only presents information. Internet - ANSWER The combined hardware and software infrastructure that provides the world's largest computer network, providing a platform for shared information and communications. Intranet - ANSWER The combined hardware and software infrastructure for a private network that provides content with a smaller distribution. World Wide Web (WWW) - ANSWER The combined collection of all website content available on the Internet. Domain - ANSWER The user-friendly name that is being rented and associated with a website available on the Web. URL - ANSWER Uniform Resource Locator - the full address of a resource on the Internet, including the domain. Hosting - ANSWER The act of making Web content available over the Internet or even over a private Intranet network. Browser(Web Client/User Agent) - ANSWER A program that can make requests for Web pages and renders the resulting HTML, CSS, JavaScript and images into a usable interface. Web server - ANSWER The software that handles hosting a website (a folder of webpages), responding with the appropriate code and resources when a request is made. Request - ANSWER An action by the browser that is routed to a web server to ask for a Web page. Often accomplished by submitting a URL in a browser's address bar or clicking a link or a button on a Web page. Response - ANSWER An action by the Web server that returns a Web page and all the necessary accompanying resources to the requesting client browser. View Source - ANSWER A browser feature that lets the user see the underlying code being used to generate the page, as delivered to the browser. Developer Tools / Inspector - ANSWER A suite browser features for developers to analyze the code and the browser's use of it. Specifically, the Inspector allows users to see how CSS and JavaScript has been interpreted in combination with the HTML. Computer Network - ANSWER When two or more computers are connected for the purpose of transmitting data electronically. Client/Server Architecture - ANSWER A computer network architecture in which each computer or process on the network is either a client or a server. The server provides the resources requested by one or more clients. Solution - ANSWER An application. A solution contains all of the basic files necessary to run a program. Project - ANSWER A division within a solution that contains one or more code files. A solution will always contain one or more projects. Source Control (aka Version Control or Revision Control) - ANSWER a set of practices and tools designed to manage changes to an application's source code over time and keep source code backed up in a safe place. Distributed Version Control System (DVCS) - ANSWER a type of version control where the complete codebase, including the full version history, is mirrored on every developer's computer. Examples include Git or Mercurial. Centralized Version Control System (CVCS) - ANSWER a type of version control where there is a single copy of the complete codebase, including full version history, on a server and each individual developer checks out certain files to make changes which are committed directly to that single copy. Examples include Subversion or Perforce. Repository - ANSWER a data structure which stores a set of files as well as the history of changes made to those files. Clone - ANSWER the process of creating a local copy of a remote repository. Commit - ANSWER the process of saving changes from the working copy to the local repository. Push - ANSWER the process of pushing committed changes from the local repository to the remote repository. Merge - ANSWER the process of bringing together two different versions of a repository Pull - ANSWER the process of pulling down an updated version of a remote repository and immediately merging that updated version with the local repository. Fetch - ANSWER the process of pulling down an updated version of a remote repository but not immediately merging it with the local repository. Branching - ANSWER the process of creating a copy of a repository to create an environment where changes can be made in isolation. Git - ANSWER an open-source distributed version control system Github - ANSWER a Git repository hosting service. DNS(Domain Name System) - ANSWER translates domain names into IP addresses - ANSWER Doctype Declaration (DTD) - ANSWER The first line of code at the top of the HTML file that declares the version of HTML being used. HTML5 - ANSWER The latest version of the HTML standard, which follows HTML4 and XHTML after that. Loosened several XHTML syntax requirements and put the focus on a wider range of semantic tags, form fields and browser functionality for HTML. XHTML - ANSWER The last widely implemented version of HTML before HTML5, known for its stricter syntax to aid in easier validation. Tag / Element - ANSWER The primary building block for marking up content in an HTML document. The tag/element name is enclosed within angle brackets. Typically designed in opening and closing pairs to denote what content is "marked up" inside the tag. Self-closing tag - ANSWER A tag that isn't designed to surround some other content, and therefore has no syntax that denotes the tag closing after its original opening. Attributes and Attribute-Value pairs - ANSWER Some tags can or must additionally contain attributes or attribute-value pairs to provide additional information about them. These attributes or attribute-value pairs are always included in the opening tag itself, after the tag name. HTML tag - ANSWER The tag that immediately follows the DTD and surrounds all other content in the file. Head tag - ANSWER The first tag placed immediately inside the HTML tag. It provides code about the document, rather than actual page content. This includes the title, meta tags about the document, and access to resources like CSS, favicons or immediately used JavaScript. Title - ANSWER The relatively short name or description of the page, used in the title bar or page tab of the browser. It also used in bookmarking or favoriting a page, and by search engines as the text for the link to that page. Meta tag - ANSWER A tag that describes information about the HTML page itself. Body tag - ANSWER This is the second and last tag nested directly inside the HTML tag, and contains the content of the page that will be rendered onscreen in the browser. It may also contain JavaScript code or links, typically at the bottom, for scripts that don't require immediate implementation. Spacing / Whitespace - ANSWER Whitespace such as the space or tab characters is largely ignored inside the code (after the first character). (Character) Entity References - ANSWER Special characters such as the copyright symbol, temperature degree character, or a non-breaking space. Always designated with & symbol and a semi-colon surrounding a special character code. Block and inline tags - ANSWER Block level tags are designed to break up the flow of content on the page with line breaks, normally extend the entire width of their container, and are designed to contain other tags. Inline tags do not normally break the flow of content and are designed to be contained inside block tags ultimately, but not to contain block elements themselves. Semantic and Non-semantic tags - ANSWER Semantic tags are those that describe the content, rather than what the content looks like. Semantic tags are generally preferred over non-semantic tags where possible. CSS - ANSWER Cascading Style Sheets is a language designed to handle the formatting of HTML content. CSS Properties and Property-Value Pairs - ANSWER CSS is applied to HTML by assigning values to specific formatting properties. Inline style - ANSWER CSS can be applied to a specific tag, directly in the HTML code, using the style attribute and applying CSS property-value pairs, separated by semi-colons. This is the most specific way to apply CSS, but the least re-usable and therefore usually discouraged. Internal style - ANSWER CSS can be applied in the head tag of an HTML page, using the style tag, setting formatting rules for the entire page. This technique is somewhat re-usable, but generally discouraged in favor of external styles. External style - ANSWER CSS can be applied through a link in the head tag of an HTML page, referencing a re-usable CSS file. This is the most re-usable technique for applying CSS and the best practice. [Show More]

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