NR 507 Final with the correct answer

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Innate Immunity -Answer--Is in place at birth to prevent damage by substances in the environment and thwart infection by pathogenic microorganisms Two Types of Innate Immunity -Answer--Natural Barr... iers (physical, mechanical, and biochemical) and Inflammation Adaptive (Acquired) Immunity -Answer--Third line of defense that is initiated when innate immune system signals the cells of adaptive immunity. Responsive toward a very specific antigen. Develops slowly during first exposure, but is immediate at second exposure. Cells of Adaptive Immunity -Answer--T Lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells Cells of Innate Immunity -Answer--Mast cells, granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils), Natural Killer cells, platelets, and endothelial cells The relationship between arterial perfusion and alveolar gas pressure at the base of the lungs -Answer--arterial perfusion pressure exceeds alveolar gas pressure When an individual is in an upright position -Answer--gravity pulls the lungs down toward the diaphragm and compresses the bases of the lungs Psoriasis, pityriasis rosea, lichen planus -Answer--inflammatory disorders characterized by papules, scales, plaques, and erythema Psoriasis -Answer--chronic, relapsing, proliferative, inflammatory disorder that involves skin, scalp, and nails. It can occur at any age Pityriasis rosea -Answer--benign, self-limiting inflammatory disorder that occurs more often in young adults. Peaks in the spring and the fall. The cause is unknown, but it is associated with a virus. Pityriasis rosea symptoms -Answer--begins as a single lesion (herald patch) that is circular, demarcated, and salmon-pink. Usually located on the trunk. Lichen Planus -Answer--benign, autoimmune, inflammatory disorder of the skin and mucous membranes. Linked to Hepatitis C, drugs, and film-processing chemicals. Age of onset is usually 30-70 years old Lichen Planus Symptoms -Answer--begins with flat, purple, polygonal, pruitic, nonscaling papules. Usually located on the wrists, ankles, lower legs, and genitalia. New lesions are pale pink and develop into a dark violet. Persistent lesions become thickened and red (hypertrophic LP). Oral lesions are lacy white rings and may be precancerous lesions Croup -Answer--infection and obstruction of the upper airways. most commonly occurs in children from 6 months to 3 years of age (peak at 2yo). Highest incidence in the autumn and winter (parainfluenza and RSV seasons). More common in boys than girls. Chickenpox -Answer--Produced by varicella-zoster virus (VZV). Inbubation time is 10-27 days (avg 14). Productive infection occurs within keratinocytes such that vesicular lesions occur in the epidermis, and an inflammatory inflitrate is often present. Anemia -Answer--reduction in total number of erythrocytes in the circulating blood or a decrease in the quality or quantity of hemoglobin. Result from impaired erythrocyte production, blood loss, increased erythrocyte destruction, or a combination Pernicious Anemia -Answer--most common type of megaloblastic anemia. Caused by vitamin B12 deficiency. Associated with end stage type A chronic atrophic gastritis and results from inadequate absorption of vitamin B12 Folate (folic acid) is essential for -Answer--RNA and DNA synthesis within the maturing erythrocyte. Required for synthesis of thymine and purines and conversion of homcystine to methionine. Daily requirement for folic acid -Answer--50-200 mcg/day Types of microcytic-hypochromic anemias -Answer--iron deficiency anemia, side roblastic anemia, and thalassemia Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) -Answer--A microcytic-hypochromic anemia and the most common type of anemia worldwide (1/5 of world population). High risk populations include those living in poverty, women of childbearing age, and children. [Show More]

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