WGU Pathology Pre-Assessment with complete solutions 2022

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Warm to touch - ANSWER A patient's records indicate a diagnosis of a staph skin infection which caused a boil to develop on the patient's buttock region. Symptoms included red, swollen skin with pus. ... Which additional symptom can appear in the affected area? Malaria - ANSWER A patient presents with anemia, jaundice, fever, and malaise due to the destruction of red blood cells. Which infectious disease does this describe? Sore throat & Nasal congestion - ANSWER A patient's record shows a diagnosis of H1N1 flu. Which two symptoms may be present in this chart entry? Skin blisters - ANSWER A patient presents at a clinic with a burn on the left arm. The burn is classified as second degree, and the skin appears red and swollen. The patient reports it is very painful. What is an additional symptom of a patient with a second-degree burn? Respiratory distress - ANSWER A patient is taken to the emergency department after a near drowning. What is a sign or symptom that the patient may experience within minutes or even days? Adenoma & Osteoma - ANSWER What are two types of benign tumors? Paget disease - ANSWER A patient presented with swelling of the femur. MRI results indicated enlargement and thickening of the bone. The urinalysis showed hydroxyproline. The patient was prescribed NSAIDs and physical therapy, and surgery was recommended. Which disease does this describe? Finger dislocation - ANSWER XR shows torn soft tissue ligaments surrounding MCP joint injury. Treatment includes surgical reconstruction to realign bone and ligaments. Fibromyalgia - ANSWER Restlessness and exhaustion; constant, dull muscle aches; tenderness. Chronic pain that lasts a long time. Can worsen with mood flair ups. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome - ANSWER Burning, weakness, and tingling in one hand. The patient is unable to demonstrate a strong grip and is experiencing stronger discomfort at night. Doctor recommends medial nerve compression. Sprain - ANSWER Wrist and arm pain with limited mobility. Not able to rotate fully, no inflammation present. Short arm splint, apply ice as needed. Vitiligo - ANSWER A patient's record indicates a skin condition in which depigmentation appears on different parts of the body that are often exposed to sunlight. A skin biopsy reveals a lack of melanocytes. Urticaria - ANSWER A raised, red area recently developed on an eight-year-old patient's back after eating peanuts. Contact dermatitis - ANSWER Upon physical exam, a patient was found to have a small, oozing vesicles on the skin of both hands. Both hands were hot to the touch and swollen. The patient reported itching, burning, and stinging of the skin. Frequently wears latex gloves. Tinea pedis - ANSWER A 19-year-old patient reports persistent itching and peeling dry skin between the first and second toes. The patient also has a burning sensation. An internal medicine practitioner prescribes antifungal ointment and wash for the next four weeks. Eczema - ANSWER A patient has severe itching on the face. The physical exam reveals dry skin and small lesions. The patient has a family history of allergic rhinitis. The physician prescribes topical anti-itch cream and instructs daily skin care. Herpes zoster (shingles) - ANSWER A patient presents for follow-up of several painful vesicular lesions on the face, mouth, and tongue. The patient is diagnosed with a condition caused by the same virus that causes chicken pox. Ischemic stroke - ANSWER Patient presents to the ED complaining of a sudden onset of speech impairment, severe headache, falling down while standing, and inability to move the arm and leg on the right side. A cerebral angiogram shows occlusion of blood vessels. Alcoholism - ANSWER Which disease can vitamin B12 deficiency be attributed to? Vitamin B12 deficiency & Lead poisoning - ANSWER What are two possible causes for peripheral neuropathy? Subdural hematoma - ANSWER A patient has slurred speech, difficulty walking, and dilated pupils. Which condition does this describe? Parkinson disease - ANSWER A patient has tremors, bradykinesia, and abnormal gait. The patient is taking anticholinergics; however, the symptoms are aggravated. A neurologist treats the patient with deep brain stimulation. Cataract - ANSWER Following pupil dilation, an opthalmoscopy shows a cloudy and crystalline lens of the left eye. An intracapsular extraction intraocular lens inmplant is recommended. Glaucoma - ANSWER A 47-year-old diabetic patient presents with aching eyes, visual disturbances, and a loss of peripheral vision. Which diagnosis is described? Otosclerosis - ANSWER A patient record shows that an ear exam revealed growth of new bone that is fixed. The patient has permanent hearing loss. Meniere disease - ANSWER A 43-year-old patient presents to the urgent care center reporting ongoing symptoms of dizziness with ringing and buzzing in the ear and hearing loss on the left side. The patient indicated no history of head injury that would cause this, and symptoms have included nausea, vomiting, and having to hold on to things while walking. Aneurysm - ANSWER A patient has local dilation of a blood vessel with weakening of its walls. Myocardial infarction - ANSWER Which cardiovascular condition occurs when blood flow to a section of heart muscle becomes blocked (usually by a clot), potentially causing heart muscle damage and death? Myocardial infarction - ANSWER Which condition occurs when a blood clot blocks blood flow to the heart and damages the heart muscle due to lack of oxygen? Myocardial infarction - ANSWER Which condition occurs when the blood flow to part of the heart muscle becomes blocked, typically by a clot? Myocardial infarction - ANSWER A patient's record documents reports of fatigue, shortness of breath, and vomiting. The patient was given medication for crushing chest pain that radiated to the neck and jaw. The patient's blood test showed elevated cardiac enzyme levels. Congestive Heart Failure - ANSWER A 52-year-old patient presents with palpitation, edema, and tachypnea. This patient also has chronic conditions, including hypertension and CAD. The patient has a history of smoking and myocardial infarction. The patient is placed on a digoxin drip and a low-sodium diet. Which condition is being described? Pericarditis - ANSWER Which type of heart condition may be caused by metastasized neoplasms, rheumatic fever, uremia, or hypothyroidism? Pericarditis - ANSWER A patient has a history of rheumatic fever and hypothyroidism. The patient currently has clammy skin, as well as low blood pressure. During examination, the patient experiences a sharp, sudden pleuritic pain when taking deep breaths. Mitral stenosis - ANSWER A cardiac catheterization report shows obstructed blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The patient also had childhood rheumatic fever and atrial fibrillation. Malignant - ANSWER A patient's record indicates a type of hypertension that is typically above 180/120 and can cause serious damage to organ tissue. It was treated as a medical emergency. Which type of hypertension did this patient have? Arm numbness - ANSWER What is a symptom of malignant hypertension? Aplastic anemia - ANSWER A bone marrow biopsy result shows fatty tissue with megakaryocyte and large bone marrow cells with multiple nuclei. The patient is placed on a bone marrow recipient list. Which condition does this describe? Aplastic anemia - ANSWER Which type of anemia is the result of injury or destruction of the blood-forming tissue in bone marrow? HIV - ANSWER Which infection invades and replicates T 4 lymphocyte cells, leaving the body open to opportunistic infections? MRSA - ANSWER This multidrug-resistant organism can be difficult to treat and can progress into blood, bone, lung, or skin infections that may be life-threatening. Which type of infectious disease is described? Mononucleosis - ANSWER Which condition is an acute upper respiratory tract infection caused by the Epstein-Barr virus and characterized by a sore throat, a fever, and swollen cervical lymph glands? Legionnaires' disease - ANSWER Which condition is considered a lower respiratory tract infection? Pulmonary tuberculosis & Respiratory mycoses - ANSWER Which two infections affect the lower respiratory tract? Pulmonary tuberculosis - ANSWER A patient's lung X-ray shows lesions of calcified inflamed granular tissue. Biopsy shows necrosis of lung tissue. Which disease does this patient have? Pulmonary tuberculosis - ANSWER Which condition can lead to a diagnosis of COPD? Chronic asthma & bronchiectasis - ANSWER Which two conditions or symptoms may lead to a diagnosis of COPD? Silicosis - ANSWER A 50-year-old patient who works as a sand blaster has the following symptoms: dyspnea, cough with sputum, tachypnea, and pulmonary hypertension. A chest X-ray shows small nodular lesions throughout, but mainly concentrated in the upper areas, of the lungs. GERD - ANSWER A patient's condition was caused by abnormally weak contraction of the lower esophageal sphincter, which reduced its ability to prevent the backup of gastric contents into the patient's esophagus. Cirrhosis - ANSWER A patient reports nausea, vomiting, dull abdominal ache, and pruritus. Upon physical examination, edema of the legs, ascites, and jaundice were documented. The patient has a history of long-term acetaminophen therapy. Laboratory findings included elevated alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase. Peptic ulcer - ANSWER An esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) result showed evidence of bleeding and circumscribed lesions in the duodenum, which was sent for biopsy. Pathological findings are positive for H. pylori. The patient is being treated with antibiotics and supplemental RBC. Cirrhosis - ANSWER A 38-year-old patient with a history of long-term alcohol and tobacco abuse has symptoms of ascites, leg edema, and vomiting. A diagnostic workup includes ALT, AST assays, and US of the liver. Inguinal hernia - ANSWER A patient arrives at an emergency department with sharp, abdominal pain. Upon exam, a palpable lump is present in the groin area. Diverticulitis - ANSWER A 60-year-old patient complains of fever and pain in the lower abdomen with guarding, which is relieved after a bowel movement. The provider advises against a barium enema or colonoscopy for diagnosis because it may cause a perforation or hemorrhage. Pancreatic cancer - ANSWER A patient presents with the following complaints: abdominal pain radiating to the back, weight loss, weakness, fatigue, diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting. Jaundice was noted on examination. A confirmatory percutaneous needle aspiration biopsy was done. Hemorrhoids - ANSWER A patient has symptoms of rectal bleeding and vague anal discomfort. Proctoscopy reveals dilated veins in the mucous membrane of the anus. Glomerulonephritis - ANSWER A patient's record indicates a presentation of the following symptoms: hematuria proteinuria oliguria Which condition may this patient be diagnosed with? Glomerulonephritis - ANSWER A patient has a urinary system infection characterized by a blockage of the kidney's nephrons, causing a reduction in the rate of blood filtration. Renal cell adenocarcinoma - ANSWER An intravenous pyelogram shows two tumors in the left kidney. A kidney biopsy is performed and sent for pathological findings. An arterial embolization is suggested to stop blood and oxygen flow to the tumor to prevent growth. Pathological findings show evidence of malignancy in both tumors. Chemotherapy is suggested. Bladder carcinoma - ANSWER A cystoscopy reveals lumps from the epithelium cell membrane of the bladder. Microscopic urinalysis confirms malignancy and blood in urine. The patient is also being treated for a urinary tract infection (UTI). End-stage renal disease - ANSWER A patient presents with decreased alertness, mental confusion, skin that is pale and scaly, weight loss, easy bruising or bleeding, and decreased urine output. Which condition is this patient showing signs of? Itchy skin & hiccups - ANSWER A patient comes into the clinic for a follow-up appointment. The patient has been continuing to lose weight and has been extremely fatigued. What are two additional characteristics of end-stage renal disease this patient should be aware of? 3 to 5 hours - ANSWER A patient diagnosed with end-stage renal disease comes in for treatment with hemodialysis. How long will this patient be in treatment? Hemodialysis - ANSWER In which type of dialysis is blood drawn outside a person's body in an artificial kidney, or dialyzer, and then returned to the individual via tubes connected to the circulatory system? Thyroid cancer - ANSWER A patient record indicates the following: S: Reason for encounter: 44-year-old female presents with chief complaint of "lump felt in neck and change in voice for past week" History of present illness: Patient relates dysphagia, lump, and voice change in past six days. No prior symptoms. Past medical history: Hypertension Family history: Goiter, hypothyroidism O: General Appearance: Alert and oriented Ear/Nose/Throat: Warm, neck lump, neck palpation, dysphagia Lymphatic: Lymph node swollen Heart: S1 and S2 normal Abdomen: Soft, no intra-abdominal mass/swelling Blood test: Abnormal TSH Neck Ultrasound: Nodule filled with fluid and not live tissue P: Plans for biopsy Which condition was evaluated during this encounter? Gestational diabetes mellitus - ANSWER A pregnant female patient presented with c [Show More]

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